အန်တိုနော့ဗ် အေအန်-၂၂၅: တည်းဖြတ်မှု မူကွဲများ

ဆိုဗီယက်/ယူကရိန်း အင်ဂျင်ခြောက်လုံးတပ် မဟာဗျုဟာမြောက် ကုန်တင်လေယာဉ်
"<!-- This article is a part of Wikipedia..." အစချီသော စာလုံးတို့နှင့် စာမျက်နှာကို ဖန်တီးလိုက်သည်
(ကွဲပြားမှု မရှိ)

၀၂:၃၀၊ ၁၄ ဇန်နဝါရီ ၂၀၁၃ ရက်နေ့က မူ

အန်တိုနော့ဗ် အေအန်-၂၂၅ Mriya ([Антонов Ан-225 Мрія] အမှား။ {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (အကူအညီ), Dream, NATO reporting name: 'Cossack') သည် ဆိုဗီယက်ပြည်ထောင်စု အန်တိုနော့ဗ်ဒီဇိုင်းအဖွဲ့က ၁၉၈၀တွင် ပုံထုတ်ခဲ့သော မဟာဗျူဟာမြောက်ကုန်တင်လေယာဉ်ဖြစ်သည်။ အေအန်-၂၅၅၏အည် မရီယာ သည် ယူကရိန်းဘာသာစကားအရ အိပ်မက်ဟုအဓိပ္ပာယ်ရသည်။ ၎င်းသည် ကမ္ဘာ့အကြီးဆုံး၊ အလေးဆုံးနှင့်ကုန်ချိန်အများဆုံးတင်နိုင်သောလေယာဉ်ဖြစ်သည်။ ကုန်ချိန် ၆၄၀ တန်အထိတင်ဆောင်နိုင်သည်။

An-225 Mriya
ဘူရန်အာကာသလွန်းပျံအားကျောပိုးထားသည့် အေအန်-၂၂၅ လေယာဉ်အား ၁၉၈၉ ပါရီလေကြောင်းပြပွဲတွင်တွေ့မြင်ရပုံ
အဆင့် မဟာဗျူဟာမြောက်ကုန်တင်လေယာဉ်
မူလရင်းမြစ် နိုင်ငံ ဆိုဗီယက်ပြည်ထောင်စု / ယူကရိန်း
ထုပ်လုပ်သူ အန်တိုနော့ဗ့်ကုမ္ပဏီ
ပထမဆုံး ပျံသန်း ၁၉၈၈၊ ဒီဇင်ဘာ ၂၁
အခြေနေ In service
ပင်မ အသုံးပြုသူ Antonov Airlines
ထုတ်လုပ်ခဲ့ 1988
တည်ဆောက် နံပါတ် 1
မွမ်းမံမှု Antonov An-124

An-225 သည်မူလက ဘူရန်လွန်းပျံယာဉ်သယ်ပို့ရန်အတွက်အထူးတည်ဆောက်ခဲ့ခြင်းဖြစ်ပြီး အောင်မြင်ခဲ့သော Antonov An-124အား အကျယ်ချဲ့ထားခြင်းဖြစ် သည်။ The first An-225 was completed in 1988 and a second An-225 has been partially completed. The completed An-225 is in commercial operation with Antonov Airlines carrying oversized payloads.[၁] Among its many records, it holds the absolute world record for airlifted payload at 189,980 kilogram (418,834 pounds).[၂][၃]

Development

The Antonov An-225 was designed to airlift the Energia rocket's boosters and the Buran space shuttle for the Soviet space program. It was developed as a replacement for the Myasishchev VM-T. The An-225's original mission and objectives are almost identical to that of the United States' Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.[၄][၅]

 
An-225 with Buran atop lands at the Paris Air Show in 1989.

The An-225 first flew on 21 December 1988 with a 74 minute flight from Kiev. The aircraft was on static display at the Paris Air Show in 1989 and it flew during the public days at the Farnborough air show in 1990. Two aircraft were ordered, but only one An-225 (registration CCCP-82060 later UR-82060[၆]) was finished. It can carry ultra-heavy and oversize freight, up to ၂၅၀,၀၀၀ kg (၅၅၀,၀၀၀ lb) internally,[၄] or ၂၀၀,၀၀၀ kg (၄၄၀,၀၀၀ lb) on the upper fuselage. Cargo on the upper fuselage can be ၇၀ မီတာ (၂၃၀ ပေ) long.[၇]

A second An-225 was partially built during the late 1980s for the Soviet space program. The second An-225 included a rear cargo door and a redesigned tail with a single vertical stabilizer. It was planned to be more effective for cargo transportation.[၈] Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the cancellation of the Buran space program, the lone operational An-225 was placed in storage in 1994.[၉] The six Ivchenko Progress engines were removed for use on An-124s, and the second uncompleted An-225 airframe was also stored. The first An-225 was later re-engined and put into service.[၁၀][၁၁]

By 2000, the need for additional An-225 capacity had become apparent, so the decision was made in September 2006 to complete the second An-225. The second airframe was scheduled for completion around 2008,[၁၂] then delayed. By August 2009, the aircraft had not been completed and work had been abandoned.[၁][၁၃] In May 2011 Antonov CEO is reported to have said that the completion of a second An-225 Mriya transport aircraft with a carrying capacity of 250 tons requires at least $300 million, but if the financing is provided, its completion could be achieved in three years.[၁၄] According to different sources, the second jet is 60–70% complete.[၁၅]

Design

 
An-225 main landing gear

Based on Antonov's earlier An-124, the An-225 has fuselage barrel extensions added fore and aft of the wings, which received root extensions to increase span. Two more Ivchenko Progress D-18T turbofan engines were added to the new wing roots, bringing the total to six, and an increased-capacity landing gear system with 32 wheels was designed, some of which are steerable to turn the aircraft within a 60m wide runway. The landing gear allows the An-225 to kneel so cargo is easier to load and unload.[၁၁] The An-124’s rear cargo door and ramp were removed to save weight, and the empennage was changed from a single vertical stabilizer to a twin tail with an oversized horizontal stabilizer. The twin tail was essential to enable the plane to carry large, heavy external loads that would disturb the aerodynamics of a conventional tail. Unlike the An-124, the An-225 was not intended for tactical airlifting and is not designed for short-field operation.[၄]

 
An-225 Ivchenko Progress D-18T turbofan engines

Initially the 225 had a maximum gross weight of ၆၀၀ t (၁,၃၀၀,၀၀၀ lb) but the aircraft was modified in 2000–01, at a cost of US$20M, with a reinforced floor that increased the maximum gross weight to ၆၄၀ t (၁,၄၁၀,၀၀၀ lb).[၁၆][၁၇][၁၈]

Both the earlier and later takeoff weights establish the An-225 as the world's heaviest aircraft, being heavier than the double-deck Airbus A380 even though Airbus plans to pass the An-225's maximum landing weight with ၅၉၁.၇ tonne (၁,၃၀၄,၀၀၀ ပေါင်) for the A380.[၁၉] The Boeing 747 Dreamlifter has a bigger cargo hold at 1,840m3 (65,000 cubic feet).[၂၀] The Hughes H-4 Hercules, known as the "Spruce Goose", had a greater wingspan and a greater overall height, but was 20% shorter, and due to the materials used in its construction, also lighter. In addition, the Spruce Goose only flew once, making the An-225 the largest aircraft in the world to fly multiple times.[၁၁][၂၁]

The pressurized cargo hold is 1,300m3 in volume; 6.4m wide, 4.4m high, and 43.35m long[၁၁][၂၂][၂၃] – longer than the first flight of the Wright Flyer.[၂၄][၂၅][၂၆]

Operational history

 
Antonov An-225 at Manchester Airport in 2006

In the late 1970s, efforts were begun by the Soviet government to generate revenue from its military assets. In 1989, a holding company was set up by the Antonov Design Bureau as a heavy airlift shipping corporation under the name "Antonov Airlines", based in Kiev, Ukraine and operating from London Luton Airport in partnership with Air Foyle HeavyLift.[၇][၂၇]

As the Soviet space program was in its last years, the An-225 was employed as the prime method of transporting the Buran Shuttle.[၂၁][ပိုမိုကောင်းမွန်သော ရင်းမြစ် လိုအပ်သည်]

The company initiated operations with a fleet of four An-124-100s and three Antonov An-12s, but by the late 1990s a need for aircraft larger than the An-124 became apparent. In response, the original An-225 was re-engined, modified for heavy cargo transport, and placed back in service under the management of Antonov Airlines.

 
The Antonov-225 at Gostomel Airport (Antonov airport), Ukraine

On 23 May 2001, the An-225 received its type certificate from the Interstate Aviation Committee Aviation Register (IAC AR).[၂၈] In September 2001, carrying 4 main battle tanks[၁၁] at a record load of ၂၅၃.၈၂ tonne (၂၇၉.၇၉ short ton) of cargo, the An-225 flew at an altitude of ၂ km (၆,၆၀၀ ft) over a closed circuit of ၁,၀၀၀ km (၆၂၀ mi) at a speed of ၇၆၃.၂ km/h (၄၇၄.၂ mph).[၂၉]

The type's first flight in commercial service departed from Stuttgart, Germany on 3 January 2002, and flew to Thumrait, Oman with 216,000 prepared meals for American military personnel based in the region. This vast number of ready meals was transported on some 375 pallets and weighed 187.5 tons.[၃၀]

The An-225 has since become the workhorse of the Antonov Airlines fleet, transporting objects once thought impossible to move by air, such as locomotives and 150-ton generators. It has become an asset to international relief organizations for its ability to quickly transport huge quantities of emergency supplies during disaster relief operations.[၃၁]

 
Antonov An-225 in 2010

The An-225 has been contracted by the Canadian and U.S. governments to transport military supplies to the Middle East in support of Coalition forces.[၃၁] In November 2004, FAI placed the An-225 in the Guinness Book of Records for its 240 records. An example of the cost of shipping cargo by An-225 was over 2 million DKK (approx. €266,000) for flying a chimney duct from Denmark to Kazakhstan in 2008.[၃၂]

On 11 August 2009, the heaviest single cargo item ever sent via air freight was loaded onto the Antonov 225. At ၁၆.၂၃ မီတာ (၅၃.၂ ပေ) long and ၄.၂၇ မီတာ (၁၄.၀ ပေ) wide, the consignment–a generator for a gas power plant in Armenia and its loading frame–weighed in at a record ၁၈၉ tonne (၄၁၇,၀၀၀ ပေါင်).[၂][၃] Also during 2009, the An-225 was painted in a new blue and yellow paint scheme,[၃၃] after Antonov ceased cooperation with AirFoyle and partnered with Volga-Dnepr in 2006.[၃၄]

On 11 June 2010, the An-225 carried the world's longest piece of air cargo, when it flew two new 42-meter test wind turbine blades from Tianjin, China to Denmark.[၃၅]

Operators

  ယူကရိန်း

Former operators

  ဆိုဗီယက်ယူနီယံ

Specifications (An-225)

 
Comparison between four of the largest aircraft:
  Antonov An-225

တမ်းပလိတ်:Aircraft specs

 
An-225, September 2008

Notable appearances in media

အကျယ်တဝင့် ဖော်ပြထားသောဆောင်းပါး - Aircraft in fiction#Antonov An-225

See also

Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Related lists

References

  1. ၁.၀ ၁.၁ "World's largest aircraft, An-225, emerges to set new lift record". Flight International, 17 August 2009.
  2. ၂.၀ ၂.၁ Cargo manifest picture Air Cargo News 13 November 2009. Retrieved: 30 May 2012.
  3. ၃.၀ ၃.၁ Ukraine's An-225 aircraft sets new record for heaviest single cargo item transported by air, Eye for Transport, 18 August 2009.
  4. ၄.၀ ၄.၁ ၄.၂ Greg Goebel။ Antonov An-225 Mriya ("Cossack")The Antonov Giants: An-22, An-124, & An-225။ 21 August 2012 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။
  5. Greg Goebel။ The Soviet Buran shuttle programPostscript: The Other Shuttles။ 21 August 2012 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။
  6. Photo on airliners.net
  7. ၇.၀ ၇.၁ MriyaAntonov ASTC။ 27 May 2004 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။
  8. Kaplan, Philip. "Big Wings". 
  9. Antonov An-225 Mriya. Airliners.net.
  10. "Antonov An-225 Mriya (Cossack) Heavy Lift Strategic Long-Range Transport" Military Factory, 23 August 2012. Retrieved: 6 September 2012.
  11. ၁၁.၀ ၁၁.၁ ၁၁.၂ ၁၁.၃ ၁၁.၄ An-225 (An-225-100) "Мрiя" Russian Aviation Museum, 20 October 2001. Retrieved: 31 October 2010.
  12. Antonov An-225 Mriya Aircraft History, Facts and Pictures. Aviationexplorer
  13. The Mriya 2: Pictures. Buran-energia.com
  14. "$300m needed for completion of An-225 transport, says Antonov CEO"
  15. Ukraine may finish the construction of second An-225 Mriya transport aircraft – News – Russian Aviation။ Ruaviation.Com။ 2012-04-06 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။
  16. Forward, David C: Antonov's Dream Machine, p. 23. Airways magazine, June 2004
  17. Spaeth, Andreas: When size matters, p. 29. Air International magazine, December 2009
  18. Gordon, Yefim; Dmitriy and Sergey Komissarov: "The Six-Engined Dream", page 76. Antonov's Heavy Transports: The An-22, An-124/225 and An-70. Midland, 2004. ISBN 1-85780-182-2.
  19. "Airbus Reveals A380-linked Pilot Systems Secrets" (3 June 2009). 
  20. ""Flight Test Program is under way for 747 Large Cargo Freighter." Boeing, November 2006. Retrieved: 29 September 2012.
  21. ၂၁.၀ ၂၁.၁ Antonov An-225 Mryia (Cossack)The Aviation Zone။ 2011-07-01 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။ ကိုးကား အမှား - Invalid <ref> tag; name "avzone" defined multiple times with different content
  22. "AN-225 Mriya" GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved: 6 September 2012.
  23. "Antonov An 225" Air Charter Service. Retrieved: 6 September 2012.
  24. "Milestones of Flight – 1903 Wright Flyer"Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum
  25. "100 Years Ago, the Dream of Icarus Became Reality." FAI NEWS, December 17, 2003. Retrieved: January 5, 2007.
  26. Lindberg, Mark. "Century of Flight." Wings of History Museum, 2003. Retrieved: August 27, 2011.
  27. An-225 Mriya, NATO: CossackGoleta Air & Space Museum။ 31 March 2004 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။
  28. Type Certificates for Aircraft
  29. "Special planes: The Antonov-225 "Mriya"" (8 April 2006). European Tribune. 
  30. Antonov Airlines:An-225 MriyaAirFoyle
  31. ၃၁.၀ ၃၁.၁ Antonov An-225Aircraft-Info.net။ 1 April 2004 တွင် မူရင်းအား မော်ကွန်းတင်ပြီး။ 15 February 2004 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။
  32. Steelcon News. steelcon.com. Retrieved: 13 June 2010.
  33. Spotters.net (2009)။ Photo of the AN-225 in new paint scheme။ 30 December 2009 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။
  34. Ingram, Frederick C. Volga-Dnepr Group answers.com. Retrieved: 24 July 2010.
  35. Record breaking journey Renewable Energy Sources, 11 June 2010. Pictures: [၁] [၂] Retrieved: 13 June 2010.

External links

တမ်းပလိတ်:Antonov aircraft တမ်းပလိတ်:Giant aircraft တမ်းပလိတ်:Outsized cargo aircraft

တမ်းပလိတ်:Link GA တမ်းပလိတ်:Link FA