အာကာသလွန်းပျံ: တည်းဖြတ်မှု မူကွဲများ

 

==Description==

 

The Space Shuttle was the first operational orbital spacecraft designed for [[Reusable launch system|reuse]]. It carried different payloads to [[low Earth orbit]], provided crew rotation and supplies for the [[International Space Station]] (ISS), and performed servicing missions. The orbiter could also recover satellites and other payloads from orbit and return them to Earth. Each Shuttle was designed for a projected lifespan of 100 launches or ten years of operational life, although this was later extended. The person in charge of designing the STS was [[Maxime Faget]], who had also overseen the [[Project Mercury|Mercury]], [[Project Gemini|Gemini]], and [[Apollo (spacecraft)|Apollo]] spacecraft designs. The crucial factor in the size and shape of the Shuttle Orbiter was the requirement that it be able to accommodate the largest planned commercial and military satellites, and have over 1,000 mile cross-range recovery range to meet the requirement for classified USAF missions for a once-around abort from a launch to a [[polar orbit]]. This military specified 1,085 nm cross range requirement is one of the primary reasons that the Shuttle was designed with such large wings, compared to modern commercial designs with very minimal control surfaces and glide capability. Factors involved in opting for solid rockets and an expendable fuel tank included the desire of the Pentagon to obtain a high-capacity payload vehicle for satellite deployment, and the desire of the Nixon administration to reduce the costs of [[space exploration]] by developing a spacecraft with reusable components.