ပဋိဇီဝဆေးများ: တည်းဖြတ်မှု မူကွဲများ

Created by translating the page "Antibiotics"
 
စာကြောင်း ၂၁ -
 
== History ==
 
== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth = 35em|refs = <!-- unused ref
<ref name=" LjunghWadstrom">{{cite book |author= Ljungh A, Wadstrom T (editors)| year=2009 |title=Lactobacillus Molecular Biology: From Genomics to Probiotics | publisher=[[Caister Academic Press]] | isbn= 978-1-904455-41-7 }}</ref>
-->
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="Abuladze2008">{{cite journal |author=Abuladze T, Li M, Menetrez MY, Dean T, Senecal A, Sulakvelidze A |title=Bacteriophages reduce experimental contamination of hard surfaces, tomato, spinach, broccoli, and ground beef by Escherichia coli O157:H7 |journal=Appl. Environ. Microbiol. |volume=74 |issue=20 |pages=6230–8 |date=October 2008 |pmid=18723643 |pmc=2570303 |doi=10.1128/AEM.01465-08 |url=}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)of antimicrobial substances">{{cite journal |author=Wiegand I, Hilpert K, Hancock REW |title=Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)of antimicrobial substances |journal=Nature Protocols |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=163–175 |date=January 2008 |pmid=18274517 |doi=10.1038/nprot.2007.521 |url=}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Alekshun2007">{{cite journal |author=Alekshun MN, Levy SB |title=Molecular mechanisms of antibacterial multidrug resistance |journal=Cell |volume=128 |issue=6 |pages=1037–50 |date=March 2007 |pmid=17382878 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.004 |url=}}</ref>
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="Antibiotic therapy for severe bacterial infections: correlation between the inhibitory quotient and outcome">{{cite journal |author=Spanu T, Santangelo R, Andreotti F, Cascio GL, Velardi G, Fadda G |title=Antibiotic therapy for severe bacterial infections: correlation between the inhibitory quotient and outcome |journal=Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=120–8 |date=February 2004 |pmid=15013036 |doi=10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2003.06.006 |url=}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="Antibiotics FAQ">{{cite web|url=http://www.mcgill.ca/studenthealth/information/generalhealth/antibiotics/ |title=Antibiotics FAQ |accessdate=17 February 2008 |publisher=McGill University, Canada | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216195750/http://www.mcgill.ca/studenthealth/information/generalhealth/antibiotics/| archivedate = 16 February 2008}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Are you ready for a world without antibiotics?">{{cite news | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2010/aug/12/the-end-of-antibiotics-health-infections | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=Are you ready for a world without antibiotics? | first=Sarah | last=Boseley | date=12 August 2010|archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5uJyc7g0b |archivedate = 17 November 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Bactericidal action of daptomycin against stationary-phase and nondividing Staphylococcus aureus cells">{{cite journal |author=Mascio CT, Alder JD, Silverman JA |title=Bactericidal action of daptomycin against stationary-phase and nondividing Staphylococcus aureus cells |journal=Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. |volume=51 |issue=12 |pages=4255–60 |date=December 2007 |pmid=17923487 |doi=10.1128/AAC.00824-07 |url= |pmc=2167999}}</ref>
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="Bacteriophage Ecology: Population Growth, Evolution and Impact of Bacterial Viruses">{{cite book |editor=Abedon ST |title=Bacteriophage Ecology: Population Growth, Evolution and Impact of Bacterial Viruses |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-521-85845-8 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |author=Stephen T. Abedon (Editor)}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="Baker2006">{{cite journal |author=Baker-Austin C, Wright MS, Stepanauskas R, McArthur JV |title=Co-selection of antibiotic and metal resistance |journal=Trends Microbiol. |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=176–82 |date=April 2006 |pmid=16537105 |doi=10.1016/j.tim.2006.02.006 |url=}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Balancing the drug-resistance equation">{{cite journal |author=Levy SB |title=Balancing the drug-resistance equation |journal=Trends Microbiol. |volume=2 |issue=10 |pages=341–2 |date=October 1994 |pmid=7850197 |doi= 10.1016/0966-842X(94)90607-6|url=}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Bosch2008">{{cite journal |author=Bosch F, Rosich L |title=The contributions of Paul Ehrlich to pharmacology: a tribute on the occasion of the centenary of his Nobel Prize |journal=Pharmacology |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=171–9 |year=2008 |pmid=18679046 |doi=10.1159/000149583 |url= |pmc=2790789}}</ref>
 
<ref name="CALDERIN2007">Calderon CB, Sabundayo BP (2007). Antimicrobial Classifications: Drugs for Bugs. In Schwalbe R, Steele-Moore L, Goodwin AC. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols. CRC Press. Taylor & Frances group. ISBN 978-0-8247-4100-6</ref>
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="Colicins and microcins: the next generation antimicrobials">{{cite journal |author=Gillor O, Kirkup BC, Riley MA |title=Colicins and microcins: the next generation antimicrobials |journal=Adv. Appl. Microbiol. |volume=54 |issue= |pages=129–46 |year=2004 |pmid=15251279 |doi=10.1016/S0065-2164(04)54005-4 |series=Advances in Applied Microbiology |isbn=978-0-12-002656-2}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="Considerations for Determining if a Natural Product Is an Effective Wound-Healing Agent">{{cite journal |author=Lindblad WJ |title=Considerations for Determining if a Natural Product Is an Effective Wound-Healing Agent|journal=International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=75–81 |year=2008 |pmid= 18483011|doi=10.1177/1534734608316028 |url=}}</ref>
 
<ref name="D'Costa2011">{{cite journal |author=D'Costa VM, King CE, Kalan L, Morar M, Sung WW, Schwarz C, Froese D, Zazula G, Calmels F, Debruyne R, Golding GB, Poinar HN, Wright GD |title=Antibiotic resistance is ancient |journal=Nature |volume=477 |issue=7365 |pages=457–61 |date=August 2011 |pmid=21881561 |doi=10.1038/nature10388 |url=}}</ref>
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="Dispersing biofilms with engineered enzymatic bacteriophage">{{cite journal |author=Lu TK, Collins JJ |title=Dispersing biofilms with engineered enzymatic bacteriophage |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |year=2007 |pmid=17592147 |pmc=1899193 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0704624104 |volume=104 |issue=27 |pages=11197–11202}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="Early history of wound treatment">{{cite journal |author=Forrest RD |title=Early history of wound treatment |journal=J R Soc Med |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=198–205 |date=March 1982 |pmid=7040656 |pmc=1437561 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="Effects of iron chelators and iron overload on ''Salmonella'' infection">{{cite journal |author=Jones RL, Peterson CM, Grady RW, Kumbaraci T, Cerami A, Graziano JH |title=Effects of iron chelators and iron overload on ''Salmonella'' infection |journal=Nature |volume=267 |pages=63–65 |year=1977 |doi=10.1038/267063a0 |pmid=323727 |issue=5606}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="Epps2006">{{cite journal |author=Van Epps HL |title=René Dubos: unearthing antibiotics |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=203 |issue=2 |page=259 |year=2006 |pmid=16528813 |doi=10.1084/jem.2032fta |pmc=2118194}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Fleming1929">{{cite journal |author=Fleming A |title=Classics in infectious diseases: on the antibacterial action of cultures of a penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae by Alexander Fleming, Reprinted from the British Journal of Experimental Pathology 10:226–236, 1929 |journal=Rev. Infect. Dis. |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=129–39 |year=1980 |pmid=6994200 |doi= 10.1093/clinids/2.1.129 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Gladki2013">{{cite journal |author=Gladki A, Kaczanowski S, Szczesny P, Zielenkiewicz P |title=The evolutionary rate of antibacterial drug targets |journal=BMC Bioinformatics |volume=14 |pages=36 |date=February 2013 |pmid=23374913 |url= |doi=10.1186/1471-2105-14-36 |pmc=3598507}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Glycopeptide antibiotic resistance genes in glycopeptide-producing organisms">{{cite journal |author=Marshall CG, Lessard IA, Park I, Wright GD |title=Glycopeptide antibiotic resistance genes in glycopeptide-producing organisms |journal=Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. |volume=42 |issue=9 |pages=2215–20 |date=September 1998 |pmid=9736537 |pmc=105782 |doi= |url=http://aac.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9736537|archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5uJyfB3uC |archivedate = 17 November 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Hawkey2008">{{cite journal |author=Hawkey PM |title=The growing burden of antimicrobial resistance |journal=[[J. Antimicrob. Chemother.]] |volume=62 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=i1–9 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18684701 |doi=10.1093/jac/dkn241 |url=}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Health Protection Report">{{cite web |url=http://www.hpa.org.uk/hpr/archives/2009/news2609.htm#ndm1 |title=Health Protection Report |publisher=Health Protection Agency |date=3 July 2009 |archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5uJygHVOj |archivedate = 17 November 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Keep Antibiotics Working">{{cite web|url=http://www.keepantibioticsworking.com/new/index.cfm |title=Keep Antibiotics Working |publisher=Keep Antibiotics Working |date= |accessdate=21 May 2010 |archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5uJyhPBKO |archivedate = 17 November 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Kingston2008">{{cite journal |author=Kingston W |title=Irish contributions to the origins of antibiotics |journal=Irish journal of medical science |volume=177 |issue=2 |pages=87–92 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18347757 |doi=10.1007/s11845-008-0139-x |url=}}</ref>
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="Kutateladze2008">{{cite journal |author=Kutateladze M, Adamia R |title=Phage therapy experience at the Eliava Institute |journal=Med Mal Infect |volume=38 |issue=8 |pages=426–30 |date=August 2008 |pmid=18687542 |doi=10.1016/j.medmal.2008.06.023 |url=}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="Larson2007">{{cite journal |author=Larson E |title=Community factors in the development of antibiotic resistance |journal=Annu Rev Public Health |volume=28 |issue= |pages=435–447 |year=2007 |pmid=17094768 |doi=10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144020 |url=}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Limbird2004">{{cite journal |author=Limbird LE |title=The receptor concept: a continuing evolution |journal=Mol. Interv. |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=326–36 |date=December 2004 |pmid=15616162 |doi=10.1124/mi.4.6.6 |url=}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Marino">{{cite book |author=Marino PL |chapter=Antimicrobial therapy |title=The ICU book |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstown, MD |year=2007 |page=817 |isbn=978-0-7817-4802-5}}</ref>
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="Mattey2008">{{cite journal |author=Mattey M, Spencer J |title=Bacteriophage therapy—cooked goose or phoenix rising? |journal=Current Opinion in Biotechnology |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=608–12 |date=December 2008 |pmid=18926909 |doi=10.1016/j.copbio.2008.09.001 |url=}}</ref>
-->
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="Merril2003">{{cite journal |author=Merril CR, Scholl D, Adhya SL |title=The prospect for bacteriophage therapy in Western medicine |journal=Nature Reviews Drug Discovery |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=489–97 |date=June 2003 |pmid=12776223 |doi=10.1038/nrd1111 |url=}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="Moulds in ancient and more recent medicine">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0269-915X(89)80010-2 |title=Moulds in ancient and more recent medicine |year=1989 |last1=Wainwright |first1=Milton |journal=Mycologist |volume=3 |pages=21}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria">{{cite journal |author=Nikaido H |title=Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria |journal=Annu. Rev. Biochem. |volume= 78|issue= |date=February 2009 |pmid=19231985 |doi=10.1146/annurev.biochem.78.082907.145923 |url= |pmc=2839888 |pages=119–46}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Mutations of Bacteria from Virus Sensitivity to Virus Resistance">{{cite journal |author=Luria SE, Delbrück M |title=Mutations of Bacteria from Virus Sensitivity to Virus Resistance |journal=Genetics |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=491–511 |date=November 1943 |pmid=17247100 |pmc=1209226 |doi= |url=http://www.genetics.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17247100|archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5uJyjd3Jp |archivedate = 17 November 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="NHS">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/chq/pages/871.aspx |title=Can I drink alcohol while taking antibiotics? |accessdate=17 February 2008 |publisher=NHS Direct (UK electronic health service) |archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5uJykTRhq |archivedate = 17 November 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Pankey2004">{{cite journal |author=Pankey GA, Sabath LD. |title=Clinical relevance of bacteriostatic versus bactericidal mechanisms of action in the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections |journal=Clin Infect Dis. |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=864–870 |date=March 2004 |pmid=14999632 |doi=10.1086/381972 |url=}}</ref>
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="Sharma2002">{{cite journal|doi= |author=Sharma, K.K., Sangraula, H., Mediratta, P.K.|date=December 2002 |title=Some new concepts in antibacterial drug therapy |url=http://medind.nic.in/ibi/t02/i6/ibit02i6p390.pdf |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmacology |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=390–396 |pmid= |format=PDF |accessdate=13 November 2008}}</ref>
-->
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="Parfitt2005">{{cite journal |author=Parfitt T |title=Georgia: an unlikely stronghold for bacteriophage therapy |journal=Lancet |volume=365 |issue=9478 |pages=2166–7 |year=2005 |pmid=15986542 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66759-1 |url=}}</ref>
-->
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="Phagotrophic protozoa: A new weapon against pathogens?">{{cite journal |author=Nacar A, Nacar E |title=Phagotrophic protozoa: A new weapon against pathogens? |journal=Medical Hypotheses |volume=70 |pages=141–142 |year=2008 |doi=10.1016/j.mehy.2007.03.037 |pmid=17553625 |issue=1}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="Pirotta and Garland">{{cite journal|author=Pirotta MV, Garland SM|year= 2006|title=Genital Candida species detected in samples from women in Melbourne, Australia, before and after treatment with antibiotics|journal=J Clin Microbiol.|volume=44|pages=3213–3217|pmid=16954250|doi=10.1128/JCM.00218-06|issue=9|pmc=1594690}}</ref>
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="Retargeting R-type pyocins to generate novel bactericidal protein complexes">{{cite journal |author=Williams SR, Gebhart D, Martin DW, Scholl D |title=Retargeting R-type pyocins to generate novel bactericidal protein complexes |journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology |year=2008 |doi=10.1128/AEM.00141-08 |volume=74 |issue=12 |pages=3868–3876 |pmid=18441117 |pmc=2446544}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="Rhee2004">{{cite journal |author=Rhee KY, Gardiner DF |title=Clinical relevance of bacteriostatic versus bactericidal activity in the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=755–6 |date=September 2004 |pmid=15356797 |doi=10.1086/422881 |url=}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Sykes2001">{{cite journal |author=Sykes R |title=Penicillin: from discovery to product |journal=Bull. World Health Organ. |volume=79 |issue=8 |pages=778–9 |year=2001 |pmid=11545336 |pmc=2566502 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="The Bacteriophages">{{cite book |editor = Abedon ST, Calendar RL |title=The Bacteriophages |year=2005}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="The biological cost of mutational antibiotic resistance: any practical conclusions?">{{cite journal |author=Andersson DI |title=The biological cost of mutational antibiotic resistance: any practical conclusions? |journal=Current Opinion in Microbiology |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=461–5 |date=October 2006 |pmid=16890008 |doi=10.1016/j.mib.2006.07.002 |url=}}</ref>
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="The effect of synthetic iron chelators on bacterial growth in human serum">{{cite journal |author=Brock JH, Liceaga J, Kontoghiorghes GJ |title=The effect of synthetic iron chelators on bacterial growth in human serum |journal=FEMS Microbiology Letters |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=55–60 |year=2006 |doi=10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02490.x}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="The importance of bactericidal drugs: future directions in infectious disease">{{cite journal |author=Finberg RW, Moellering RC, Tally FP |title=The importance of bactericidal drugs: future directions in infectious disease |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=39 |issue=9 |pages=1314–20 |date=November 2004 |pmid=15494908 |doi=10.1086/425009 |url=|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
 
<!--unused ref
<ref name="Thiel2004">{{cite journal |author=Thiel K |title=Old dogma, new tricks—21st Century phage therapy |journal=Nat. Biotechnol. |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=31–6 |date=January 2004 |pmid=14704699 |doi=10.1038/nbt0104-31 |url=}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="USbill1">GovTrack.us. S. 742—109th Congress (2005): Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2005, GovTrack.us (database of federal legislation) <http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=s109-742> (accessed 12 November 2008)</ref>
 
<ref name="USbill2">GovTrack.us. H.R. 2562—109th Congress (2005): Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act of 2005, GovTrack.us (database of federal legislation) <http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h109-2562> (accessed 12 November 2008)</ref>
 
<ref name="Use of Micro-organisms for therapeutic purposes">{{cite journal |author=HW Florey |title=Use of Micro-organisms for therapeutic purposes |journal=Br Med J. |volume=2 |issue=4427 |pages=635–642 |year=1945 |pmid=20786386 |pmc=2060276|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4427.635}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Wakeman1947">{{cite journal |author=SA Waksman|title=What Is an Antibiotic or an Antibiotic Substance? |journal=Mycologia |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=565–569 |year=1947|doi=10.2307/3755196 |pmid=20264541 |jstor=3755196}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Weaver1999">{{cite journal |author=Weaver K, Glasier A |title=Interaction between broad-spectrum antibiotics and the combined oral contraceptive pill. A literature review |journal=Contraception |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=71–8 |date=February 1999 |pmid=10361620 |doi= 10.1016/S0010-7824(99)00009-8}}</ref>
 
<ref name="Witte2004">{{cite journal |author=Witte W |title=International dissemination of antibiotic resistant strains of bacterial pathogens |journal=Infect. Genet. Evol. |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=187–91 |date=September 2004 |pmid=15450197 |doi=10.1016/j.meegid.2003.12.005 |url=}}</ref>
 
<ref name="antibiotics-and-alcohol">{{cite web|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/antibiotics-and-alcohol/AN01802 |title=antibiotics-and-alcohol |archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5uJyqaznD |archivedate = 17 November 2010|deadurl=no}}, [[Mayo Clinic]]</ref>
 
<ref name="bmj">{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/bmj.a2885 |title=Do antibiotics and alcohol mix? The beliefs of genitourinary clinic attendees |year=2008 |last1=Lwanga |first1=J |last2=Mears |first2=A |last3=Bingham |first3=J S |last4=Bradbeer |first4=C S |journal=BMJ |volume=337 |pages=a2885}}</ref>
 
<ref name="pharmguide">"[http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/actionplan/]." ''[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].'' Retrieved 12 March 2009.</ref>
 
<ref name="pmid10384856">{{cite journal |author=Weisberg E |title=Interactions between oral contraceptives and antifungals/antibacterials. Is contraceptive failure the result? |journal=Clin Pharmacokinet |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=309–13 |date=May 1999 |pmid=10384856 |doi= 10.2165/00003088-199936050-00001|url=}}</ref>
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="pmid15777256">{{cite journal |author=Gillor O, Nigro LM, Riley MA |title=Genetically engineered bacteriocins and their potential as the next generation of antimicrobials |journal=[[Curr. Pharm. Des.]] |volume=11 |issue=8 |pages=1067–75 |year=2005 |pmid=15777256 |doi=10.2174/1381612053381666}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="pmid15993671">{{cite journal |author=Slama TG, Amin A, Brunton SA |title=A clinician's guide to the appropriate and accurate use of antibiotics: the Council for Appropriate and Rational Antibiotic Therapy (CARAT) criteria |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=118 Suppl 7A |issue= 7|pages=1S–6S |date=July 2005 |pmid=15993671 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.05.007 |url= |display-authors=etal}}</ref>
 
<!-- unused ref
<ref name="pmid17168847">{{cite journal |author=Kirkup BC |title=Bacteriocins as oral and gastrointestinal antibiotics: theoretical considerations, applied research, and practical applications |journal=[[Curr. Med. Chem.]] |volume=13 |issue=27 |pages=3335–50 |year=2006 |pmid=17168847 |doi=10.2174/092986706778773068}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="pmid17467120">{{cite journal |author=Ong S, Nakase J, Moran GJ, Karras DJ, Kuehnert MJ, Talan DA |title=Antibiotic use for emergency department patients with upper respiratory infections: prescribing practices, patient expectations, and patient satisfaction |journal=Annals of Emergency Medicine |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=213–20 |year=2007 |pmid=17467120 |doi=10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.03.026}}</ref>
 
<ref name="pmid17509729">{{cite journal |author=Metlay JP, Camargo CA, MacKenzie T |title=[[Cluster randomised controlled trial|Cluster-randomized trial]] to improve antibiotic use for adults with acute respiratory infections treated in emergency departments |journal=Annals of Emergency Medicine |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=221–30 |year=2007 |pmid=17509729 |doi=10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.03.022|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
 
<ref name="pmid2256523">{{cite journal |author=Orme ML, Back DJ |title=Factors affecting the enterohepatic circulation of oral contraceptive steroids |journal=Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. |volume=163 |issue=6 Pt 2 |pages=2146–52 |date=December 1990 |pmid=2256523 |doi= 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90555-L|url=http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+57-63-6|archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5uJyrsZqN |archivedate = 17 November 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
<ref name="pmid3155374">{{cite journal |author=Hassan T |title=Pharmacologic considerations for patients taking oral contraceptives |journal=Conn Dent Stud J |volume=7 |issue= |pages=7–8 |date=March 1987 |pmid=3155374 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
<!--unused ref
<ref name="pmid7768775">{{cite journal |author=Soteriadou K, Papvassiliou P, Voyiatzaki C, Boelaert J |title=Effects of iron chelation on the in-vitro growth of leishmania promastigotes |journal=The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=23–29 |year=1995 |pmid=7768775 |doi=10.1093/jac/35.1.23}}</ref>
-->
 
<ref name="voanews.com">{{cite news | first=Carol | last=Pearson |authorlink= | title=Antibiotic Resistance Fast-Growing Problem Worldwide | date=28 February 2007 | publisher=Voice Of America | url =http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-02/2007-02-28-voa33.cfm |accessdate=29 December 2008 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081202191614/http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2007-02/2007-02-28-voa33.cfm| archivedate= 2 December 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}} {{dead link|date=November 2010}}</ref>}}