စနေဂြိုဟ်: တည်းဖြတ်မှု မူကွဲများ

အရေးမကြီးNo edit summary
infobox
စာကြောင်း ၁ -
{{Translation incomplete}}
{{Infobox planet
[[File:Saturn from Cassini Orbiter (2004-10-06).jpg|thumbnail|right|250px|[[ကစ္စနီဂြိုဟ်တု]] မှ စနေဂြိုလ် မြင်ကွင်း]]
| name = Saturn
 
| symbol = [[File:Saturn symbol.svg|25px|Astronomical symbol for Saturn]]
| image = [[File:Saturn during Equinox.jpg|300px]]
| caption = Saturn in natural color, photographed by<br>''[[Cassini–Huygens|Cassini]]'' in July 2008, approaching [[equinox]].
| orbit_ref =<ref name="VSOP87" />
| epoch = [[J2000.0]]
| aphelion = {{val|10.086|ul=AU}}<br>({{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|1509|u=Gm}}}})
| perihelion = {{val|9.024|u=AU}}<br>({{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|1350|u=Gm}}}})
| semimajor = {{val|9.554909|u=AU}}<br>({{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|1429.39|u=Gm}}}})<ref name="VSOP87" />
| eccentricity = {{val|0.05555}}
| period =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|29.4571|u=[[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]}}
* {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|10759.22|u=days}}}}
* {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|24491.07}}}} Saturnian [[solar day]]s<ref name="CSeligman" />
}}
| synodic_period = 378.09 days<ref name="fact" />
| avg_speed = 9.69&nbsp;km/s<ref name="fact" />
| inclination =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|2.485240|u=°}} to [[ecliptic]]
* 5.51° to [[Sun]]'s [[equator]]
* 0.93° to [[invariable plane]]<ref name=meanplane/>
}}
| asc_node = {{val|113.665|u=°}}
| arg_peri = {{val|339.392|u=°}}
| mean_anomaly = {{val|317.020|u=°}}
| satellites = [[moons of Saturn|62]] with formal designations; innumerable additional [[moonlet]]s.<ref name=fact />
| maximum distance from sun = 1.5 billion km (938 million miles)
| minimum distance from sun = 1.35 billion km (840 million miles)
| physical_characteristics = yes
| flattening = {{val|0.09796|0.00018}}<!-- calculated using data from ref name="SeidelmannArchinalA'hearn_2007" -->
| equatorial_radius =
{{plainlist |
* {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|60268|4|u=km}}}}<ref name="SeidelmannArchinalA'hearn_2007" />
* {{val|9.4492}} Earths
}}
| polar_radius =
{{plainlist |
* {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|54364|10|u=km}}}}<ref name="SeidelmannArchinalA'hearn_2007" />
* {{val|8.5521|u=Earths}}
}}
| mean_radius = {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|58232|6|u=km}}}}<ref name="SeidelmannArchinalA'hearn_2007" />
| surface_area =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|4.27|e=10|u=km²}}<ref name="nasafact" />
* {{val|83.703|u=Earths}}
}}
| volume =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|8.2713|e=14|u=km3}}<ref name="fact" />
* {{val|763.59|u=Earths}}
}}
| mass =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|5.6836|e=26|u=kg}}<ref name="fact" />
* {{val|95.159|u=Earths}}
}}
| density = {{val|0.687|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="fact" /><br /> (less than water)
| surface_grav =
{{plainlist |
* 10.44 [[Acceleration|m/s²]]<ref name="fact" />
* 1.065 ''[[g-force|g]]''
}}
| escape_velocity = 35.5&nbsp;km/s<ref name="fact" />
| sidereal_day = 10.55 hours<ref name="saturnDay" /><br /> (10 hr 33&nbsp;min)
| rot_velocity =
{{plainlist |
* {{val|9.87|u=km/s}}
* {{nowrap|{{val|fmt=commas|35500|u=km/h}}}}
}}
| axial_tilt = 26.73° (to orbit)<ref name="fact" />
| right_asc_north_pole =
{{plainlist |
* {{RA|2|42|21}}
* 40.589°<ref name="SeidelmannArchinalA'hearn_2007" />
}}
| declination = 83.537°<ref name="SeidelmannArchinalA'hearn_2007" />
| albedo =
{{plainlist |
* 0.342 ([[Bond albedo|Bond]])
* 0.47 ([[Geometric albedo|geometric]])<ref name="fact" />
}}
| magnitude = +1.47 to −0.24<ref name="magnitude" />
| angular_size = 14.5″ to 20.1″<ref name="fact" /> <br /> (excludes rings)
| temperatures = yes
| temp_name1 = 1 bar level
| min_temp_1 =
| mean_temp_1 = 134&nbsp;[[Kelvin|K]] (−139°C)<ref name="fact" />
| max_temp_1 =
| temp_name2 = 0.1 bar
| min_temp_2 =
| mean_temp_2 = 84&nbsp;K<ref name="fact" />
| max_temp =
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Saturn.ogg|ˈ|s|æ|t|ər|n}}<ref name=walter2003/>
| adjectives = Saturnian, Cronian
| atmosphere = yes
| atmosphere_ref =<ref name="fact" />
| scale_height = 59.5&nbsp;km
| atmosphere_composition = by volume:
{{aligned table|cols=2
| ≈&thinsp;96% |[[hydrogen]] (H<sub>2</sub>)
| ≈&thinsp;3% |[[helium]] (He)
| ≈&thinsp;0.4% |[[methane]] (CH<sub>4</sub>)
| ≈&thinsp;0.01%|[[ammonia]] (NH<sub>3</sub>)
| ≈&thinsp;0.01%|[[hydrogen deuteride]] (HD)
| 0.0007%|[[ethane]] (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)
}}'''Ices''':
* [[ammonia]] (NH<sub>3</sub>)
* [[water (molecule)|water]] (H<sub>2</sub>O)
* [[ammonium hydrosulfide]] (NH<sub>4</sub>SH)
}}
'''ဆက်တန်''' (စနေဂြိုဟ်) ({{lang-en|Saturn}})သည် [[နေ]]မှခြောက်ခုမြောက်[[ဂြိုဟ်]] တစ်ခုဖြစ်ပြီး အစိုင်အခဲများထက် [[ဓါတ်ငွေ့]] များဖြင့်သာ ပါဝင်ဖွဲ့စည်းထားသည်။ ဆက်တန်သည် နေအဖွဲ့အစည်းထဲတွင် [[ဂျူပီတာဂြိုဟ်]]ပြီးလျှင် ဒုတိယမြောက်အကြီးဆုံးဂြိုလ် ဖြစ်သည်။ ဆက်တန် (Saturn) ဟူသော နာမည်မှာ [[ရောမ]]နတ်ဘုရား [[ဆက်တန်နတ်]]မှ ဆင်းသက်လာပြီး ဂရိနတ်ဘုရား ကရိုနိုစ် (Chronos)နှင့် အတူတူပင်ဖြစ်သည်။ ဆက်တန်ဂြိုလ်၏ သင်္ကေတမှာ ♄ ဖြစ်ပြီး ဆက်တန် နတ်တံစဉ်ပုံမှ ယူထားခြင်း ဖြစ်သည်။<ref name="Saturn Mythology">[http://www.eternalsailormoon.org/help.html#myth Sailormoon Terms and Information]. Robin (1996). Retrieved on July 5, 2007.</ref><ref>Crystal, Ellie. [http://www.crystalinks.com/saturnmyth.html Saturn Mythology]. ''Crystalinks.com''. Retrieved on February 28, 2007.</ref>
 
Line ၅၀ ⟶ ၁၆၁:
 
==Planetary rings==
Saturn is best known for its clearly visible [[planetary rings]] which makes it the most visually remarkable object in the solar system. The rings were first discovered by [[Galileo Galilei]] in [[1610]], using his [[telescope]]. He did not identify them as rings though, describing them as "ears". He stated that Saturn was actually three separate planets that almost touch one another. In 1612, when the rings were facing edge on with the Earth, the rings disappeared, then reappeared again in 1613, further confusing Galileo.<ref name="history_of_the_rings">Baalke, Ron. [http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/saturn/back.html Historical Background of Saturn's Rings]. ''Saturn Ring Plane Crossings of 1995-1996''. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved on [[May 23]], [[2007]].</ref> In 1655, [[Christiaan Huygens]] was the first person who suggested that Saturn was surrounded by rings. He observed Saturn using a much more powerful telescope than Galilei's. He quoted that "It [Saturn] is surrounded by a thin, flat, ring, nowhere touching, inclined to the ecliptic."<ref name="history_of_the_rings"/> In 1675, [[Giovanni Domenico Cassini]] discovered that the planet's rings were in fact made of smaller ringlets with gaps. The largest ring gap was later named the Cassini Division. In 1859, [[James Clerk Maxwell]] showed that the rings cannot be solid, but are made of small particles, each orbiting Saturn on their own, otherwise, it would become unstable or break apart.<ref>[http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Extras/Maxwell_Saturn.html James Clerk Maxwell on the nature of Saturn's rings]. Retrieved on [[July 6]], [[2007]].</ref> [[James Keeler]] studied the rings using a [[spectrometer|spectroscope]] in 1895 which proved Maxwell's theory to be correct.
-->
== ဆက်စပ်ဖတ်ရှုရန် ==
Line ၅၆ ⟶ ၁၆၇:
*[[ဂျူပီတာဂြိုဟ်]]
*[[Oort Cloud]]
 
==ကိုးကား==
{{reflist
| colwidth = 30em
| refs =
<ref name="CSeligman">{{cite web |url=http://cseligman.com/text/sky/rotationvsday.htm | title = Rotation Period and Day Length | last = Seligman | first = Courtney | accessdate = 13 August 2009 | archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/60qT3Ukn5 | archivedate = 10 August 2011 | deadurl=no }}</ref>
 
<ref name="fact">{{cite web |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturnfact.html | title=Saturn Fact Sheet | publisher=NASA | last=Williams | first=David R. | accessdate=31 July 2007 | date=7 September 2006 | archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6OhjS0EU7 | archivedate=9 April 2014 | deadurl=no }}</ref>
 
<ref name=meanplane>{{cite web | date=3 April 2009 | title=The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter |url=http://home.surewest.net/kheider/astro/MeanPlane.gif | accessdate=10 April 2009 | archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5glwILykY | archivedate = 14 May 2009 | deadurl=no }} (produced with [http://chemistry.unina.it/~alvitagl/solex/ Solex 10] written by Aldo Vitagliano; see also Invariable plane)</ref>
 
<ref name="nasafact">{{cite web |url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Saturn&Display=Facts | title=NASA: Solar System Exploration: Planets: Saturn: Facts & Figures | publisher=Solarsystem.nasa.gov | date=22 March 2011 | accessdate=8 August 2011 | archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62DnOn9pq|archivedate=5 October 2011 | deadurl=no }}</ref>
 
<ref name="saturnDay">{{cite journal | title='Nature' (Saturn's fast spin determined from its gravitational field and oblateness) | publisher=''Nature'' | date=2 February 2015}}</ref>
 
<ref name="magnitude">{{cite journal | title=Wideband photoelectric magnitude measurements of Saturn in 2000 | last=Schmude | first=Richard W. Junior | date=2001 | publisher=Georgia Journal of Science |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=123–127}}</ref>
 
<ref name=walter2003>{{cite book | first=Elizabeth | last=Walter | date=21 April 2003 | title=Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary | publisher=Cambridge University Press | edition=Second | isbn=978-0-521-53106-1 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="SeidelmannArchinalA'hearn_2007">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y| last1 = Seidelmann| first1 = P. Kenneth| last2 = Archinal| first2 = Brent A.| last3 = A'Hearn<!-- written A'hearn here, mostly A'Hearn elsewhere -->| first3 = Michael F.| display-authors = 3| last4 = Conrad| first4 = Albert R.| last5 = Consolmagno| first5 = Guy J.| last6 = Hestroffer| first6 = Daniel| last7 = Hilton| first7 = James L.| last8 = Krasinsky| first8 = Georgij A.| last9 = Neumann| first9 = Gregory A.| last10=Oberst | first10=Jürgen | last11=Stooke | first11=Philip J. | last12=Tedesco | first12=Edward F. | last13=Tholen | first13=David J. | last14=Thomas | first14=Peter C. | last15=Williams | first15=Iwan P. | year = 2007| title = Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006| journal = Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy| volume = 98| issue = 3| pages = 155–180| pmid = | pmc = | bibcode = 2007CeMDA..98..155S}}</ref>
}}
 
== ပြင်ပလင့်ခ်များ ==