ကျောက်ကပ်ရောင်ရောဂါ: တည်းဖြတ်မှု မူကွဲများ

The incidence of pyelonephritis is roughly 12&#x2013;13 cases annually per 10,000 population in women receiving outpatient treatment and 3&#x2013;4 cases requiring admission. In men, 2&#x2013;3 cases per 10,000 are treated as outpatients and 1&#x2013; cases/10,000 require admission.<ref name="Czaja2007"><cite class="citation journal">Czaja, CA; Scholes D; Hooton TM; Stamm WE (2007). </cite></ref> Young women are most often affected, probably reflecting sexual activity in that age group. Infants and the elderly are also at increased risk, reflecting anatomical changes and hormonal status.<ref name="Czaja2007"><cite class="citation journal">Czaja, CA; Scholes D; Hooton TM; Stamm WE (2007). </cite></ref> Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is most common in middle-aged women.<ref name="Malek1978"><cite class="citation journal">Malek, RS; Elder, JS (1978). </cite></ref> It can present somewhat differently in children, in whom it may be mistaken for Wilms' tumor.<ref name="Goodman1998"><cite class="citation journal">Goodman, TR; McHugh K; Lindsell DR (1998). </cite></ref>

 

* Interstitial nephritis

* Malakoplakia