ကျောက်ကပ်ရောင်ရောဂါ: တည်းဖြတ်မှု မူကွဲများ

During the course of antibiotic treatment, serial white blood cell count and temperature are closely monitored. Typically, the intravenous antibiotics are continued until the patient is afebrile for at least 24 to 48&nbsp;hours, then equivalent oral antibiotic agents can be given for a total of 2&#x2013;week duration of treatment.<ref name="Starlin2005"/> Intravenous fluids may be administered to compensate for the reduced oral intake, insensible losses (due to the raised temperature) and vasodilation and to optimize urine output. Percutaneous nephrostomy or ureteral stent placement may be indicated to relieve obstruction caused by a stone. Children with acute pyelonephritis can be treated effectively with oral antibiotics (cefixime, ceftibuten and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) or with short courses (2 to 4&nbsp;days) of intravenous therapy followed by oral therapy.<ref name="Strohmeier2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Strohmeier Y, Hodson EM, Willis NS, Webster AC, Craig JC|title=Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=7|issue=|pages=CD003772|date=July 2014|pmid=25066627|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003772.pub4}}</ref> If intravenous therapy is chosen, single daily dosing with aminoglycosides is safe and effective.<ref name="Strohmeier2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Strohmeier Y, Hodson EM, Willis NS, Webster AC, Craig JC|title=Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=7|issue=|pages=CD003772|date=July 2014|pmid=25066627|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003772.pub4}}</ref>

 

 

== ကာကွယ်ခြင်း ==