ထရီတွန် (ဂြိုဟ်ရံလ): တည်းဖြတ်မှု မူကွဲများ
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စာကြောင်း ၁ -
{{distinguish|တိုက်တန် (ဂြိုဟ်ရံလ)}}
{{Infobox planet
| name = Triton
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|r|aɪ|t|ən}}
| note = yes
| alt_names = Neptune I
| adjectives = Tritonian
| image = Triton moon mosaic Voyager 2 (large).jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = {{longitem|''[[ဗွိုင်ယေဂျာ ၂|Voyager 2]]'' photomosaic of Triton{{refn | Photomosaic of Triton's sub-Neptunian hemisphere. The bright, slightly pinkish, south polar cap at bottom is composed of nitrogen and methane ice and is streaked by dust deposits left by nitrogen gas geysers. The mostly darker region above it includes Triton's "cantaloupe terrain" and cryovolcanic and tectonic features. Near the lower right limb are several dark maculae ("strange spots").| group = caption}}|style=padding: 4px 0;}}
| discovery = yes
| discoverer = William Lassell
| discovered = October 10, 1846
| semimajor = {{val|354759|u=km}}
| eccentricity = {{val|0.000016}}<ref name="neptuniansatfact" />
| period = {{val|5.876854|u=d}} <br> ([[:en:Retrograde and direct motion|retrograde]])<ref name="neptuniansatfact" /><ref name="NYT-20141105-DO" />
| avg_speed = 4.39 km/s{{efn|name=calculated|Calculated on the basis of other parameters.}}
| inclination = 129.812° (to the ecliptic) <br> 156.885° (to Neptune's equator)<ref name="JPL-SSD-Neptune" /><ref name="Jacobson2009-AJ" /> <br> 129.608° (to Neptune's orbit)
| satellite_of = [[နက်ပကျွန်းဂြိုဟ်]]
| physical_characteristics = yes
| mean_radius = {{val|1353.4|0.9|u=km}}<ref name="JPL-SSD-sat_phys" /> (0.2122 Earths)
| surface_area = {{val|23018000|u=km2}}<ref name="nSurfaceArea" group="lower-alpha" />
| volume = {{val|10384000000|u=km3}}<ref name="nVolume" group="lower-alpha" />
| mass = {{val|2.14|e=22|u=kg}} ({{val|0.00359|u=Earths}})<ref name="nMass" group="lower-alpha" />
| density = {{val|2.061|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="JPL-SSD-sat_phys" />
| surface_grav = {{val|0.779|ul=m/s2}} ({{val|0.0794|u=[[:en:G-force|''g'']]}}) (0.48 Moons)<ref name="nSurfaceGravity" group="lower-alpha" />
| escape_velocity = {{val|1.455|u=km/s}}<ref name="nEscapeVelocity" group="lower-alpha" />
| sidereal_day = 5 d, 21 h, 2 min, 53 s<ref name="EncycSolSys-Triton" />
| rotation = [[:en:Synchronous rotation|synchronous]]
| axial_tilt = 0
| albedo = 0.76<ref name="JPL-SSD-sat_phys" />
| magnitude = 13.47<ref name="magnitude" />
| abs_magnitude = −1.2<ref name="Fischer2006" />
| single_temperature = {{convert|38|K|C}}<ref name="EncycSolSys-Triton" />
| atmosphere = yes
| surface_pressure = 1.4–1.9 [[:en:Pascal (unit)|Pa]]<ref name="EncycSolSys-Triton" /> <br> (1/{{val|70000}} the surface pressure on Earth)<ref name="solarsystemexploration" />
| atmosphere_composition = [[နိုက်ထရိုဂျင်]]၊ [[မီသိန်း]] traces.<ref name="nature2" />
}}
[[နက်ပကျွန်းဂြိုဟ်]]၏ အကြီးဆုံးသော လအမည်မှာ ထရီတွန် (Triton) ဖြစ်သည်။ ၎င်းသည် [[နေအဖွဲ့အစည်း]]၏ ခုနှစ်ခုမြောက် အကြီးဆုံးလတစ်စင်းဖြစ်သည်။ ထရီတွန်သည် အာကာသဆိုင်ရာ မှတ်တမ်း၊ ရာဇဝင်များဖြင့် ရှုပ်ထွေးနေပြီး ၎င်း၏ သစ်လွင်သော မျက်နှာပြင်နှိုင်းယှဉ်ချက်တစ်ခုကို နေအဖွဲ့အစည်း၏ သက်တမ်းနှင့် နှိုင်းယှဉ်ကြည့်ရန်တွေးခဲ့ကြသည်။<ref name=sse /><ref name=bbc >{{cite web|title=BBC Home: Science: Space: Solar System: Moons: Triton|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/moons/triton_(moon)|publisher=BBC|accessdate=2011-03-29}}</ref> ဂျာမန်နက္ခတ္တဗေဒပညာရှင်များဖြစ်ကြသည် ဂျိုဟန် ဂေါ့ဖရန့် ဂယ်လီနှင့် ဟိန်းရစ်ချ် လူးဝစ်တအာရက်တို့ နှစ်ဦးသည် နက်ပကျွန်းဂြိုဟ်အား ရှာဖွေတွေ့ရှိပြီး<ref name=sse>{{cite web|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Nep_Triton|title=NASA: Solar System Exploration: Planets: Neptune: Moons: Triton|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2011-03-29}}</ref> ၁၇ ရက်အကြာတွင် ၎င်းနက်ပကျွန်းဂြိုဟ်၏ ဂြိုဟ်ရံ လကြီးကို ဗြိတိန်နက္ခတ္တဗေဒပညာရှင် ဝီလျံ လောစီ က ၁၈၄၉ ခုနှစ်၊ အောက်တိုဘာလ ၁၀ ရက်နေ့တွင် ရှာဖွေတွေ့ရှိခဲ့သည်။<ref name=sse /><ref name=sse />ထရီတွန်သည် Kuiper belt ဟုခေါ်သည့် နတ်ပကျွန်းဂြိုဟ်မှ ထွက်လာသည့် လမ်းကြောင်းအတွင်း ဖမ်းယူခြင်းခံရသည့် ဂြိုဟ်တစ်လုံးဖြစ်သည့်အပြင် နေအဖွဲ့အစည်းတွင် အအေးဆုံးသော ဂြိုဟ်တစ်ခုဖြစ်ရမည်ဟု အချို့ကတွေးတောကြသည်။ ထရီတွန်၏ မျက်နှာပြင်အပူချိန်အား [[ဗွိုင်ယေဂျာ ၂ အာကာသယာဉ်|ဗွိုင်ယေဂျာ ၂]] ဖြင့် မှတ်တမ်းတင်ထားရာတွင် -၂၃၅ ဒီဂရီ ဆယ်လ်ဆီးယပ် အထိ အေးသည်ဟု သိရသည်။
ယခုချိန်တွင်ထရီတွန်သည် အနိမ့်ပိုင်းပတ်လမ်းသို့ ကျရောက်နေသည်ဟုလည်း ဆိုကြသည့်အပြင် နှစ်သန်း ၁ထောင် ခန့်တွင် ထရီတွန်သည် တစ်ခုခုနှင့် ထိခိုက်မိ၍ နက်ပကျွန်းဂြိဟ်၏ လေထုလွှာတွင်းသို့ သက်ဆင်းရမည်သို့မဟုတ် စေတန်ဂြိုဟ်၏ ဂြိုဟ်ပတ်ကွင်းစနစ် (Ring System)နှင့် ဆင်တူသည့် စနစ်အတွင်းတွင် ပျက်သုဉ်းလိမ့်မည်ဟု သိပ္ပံပညာရှင်များက သုံးသပ်ကြလေသည်။
== မှတ်စု ==
{{reflist| group = caption}}
{{reflist
| group = lower-alpha
| refs =
<ref name="nSurfaceArea">
Surface area derived from the radius ''r'': <math>4 \pi r^2</math>.
</ref>
<ref name="nVolume">
Volume ''v'' derived from the radius ''r'': <math>\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3</math>''.
</ref>
<ref name="nMass">
Mass ''m'' derived from the density ''d'' and the volume ''v'': <math>m=d\times v</math>.
</ref>
<ref name="nSurfaceGravity">
Surface gravity derived from the mass ''m'', the [[gravitational constant]] ''g'' and the radius ''r'': <math>\frac{gm}{r^2}</math>.
</ref>
<ref name="nEscapeVelocity">
Escape velocity derived from the mass ''m'', the [[gravitational constant]] ''g'' and the radius ''r'': <math>\sqrt{2gm/r}</math>.
</ref>
}}
== ကိုးကား ==
{{reflist
| colwidth = 30em
| refs =
<ref name="neptuniansatfact">
{{cite web
|title=Neptunian Satellite Fact Sheet
|publisher=NASA
|author=Williams, David R.
|date=November 23, 2006
|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/neptuniansatfact.html
|accessdate=January 18, 2008
|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62D2lopA1?url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/neptuniansatfact.html
|archivedate=October 5, 2011
|deadurl=no
|df=
}}
</ref>
<ref name="JPL-SSD-Neptune">
{{cite web
|author = Jacobson, R. A. — AJ
|date = April 3, 2009
|title = Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters
|work = JPL satellite ephemeris
|publisher = [[JPL]] (Solar System Dynamics)
|url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_elem
|accessdate = October 26, 2011
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/62D2m2qE8?url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov?sat_elem
|archivedate = October 5, 2011
|df =
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Jacobson2009-AJ">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/137/5/4322| last = Jacobson| first = R. A.| date = 3 April 2009| title = The Orbits of the Neptunian Satellites and the Orientation of the Pole of Neptune| journal = [[The Astronomical Journal]]| volume = 137| issue = 5| pages = 4322–4329| pmid = | pmc = | bibcode=2009AJ....137.4322J| ref = harv}}
</ref>
<ref name="JPL-SSD-sat_phys">
{{cite web
|title=Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters
|publisher=[[JPL]] (Solar System Dynamics)
|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par
|accessdate=October 26, 2011
|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5msK7adC4?url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par
|archivedate=January 18, 2010
|deadurl=no
|df=
}}
</ref>
<ref name="EncycSolSys-Triton">
{{cite encyclopedia
| title = Encyclopedia of the Solar System
| chapter = Triton
| last1 = McKinnon
| first1 = William B.
| last2 = Kirk
| first2 = Randolph L.
| publisher = Elsevier
| date = 2014
| editor = Tilman Spohn
| editor2 = Doris Breuer
| editor3 = Torrence Johnson
| edition = 3rd
| location = Amsterdam; Boston
| isbn = 978-0-12-416034-7
| pages = 861–882
| chapterurl = https://books.google.com/books?id=0bEMAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA861
}}
</ref>
<ref name="magnitude">
{{cite web
|title=Classic Satellites of the Solar System
|url=http://www.oarval.org/ClasSaten.htm
|publisher=Observatorio ARVAL
|accessdate=September 28, 2007
|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61Cvx6xRx?url=http://www.oarval.org/ClasSaten.htm
|archivedate=August 25, 2011
|deadurl=no
|df=
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Fischer2006">
{{cite web
|date = February 12, 2006
|title = Kuiperoids & Scattered Objects
|publisher = Argelander-Institut für Astronomie
|last = Fischer
|first = Daniel
|url = http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~dfischer/planeten/jwd.html
|accessdate = July 1, 2008
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/62D2mJBbA?url=http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~dfischer/planeten/jwd.html
|archivedate = October 5, 2011
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}
</ref>
<ref name="solarsystemexploration">
{{cite web
|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Triton
|publisher=NASA
|accessdate=September 21, 2007
|title=Neptune: Moons: Triton
|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62D2mVxWX?url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Triton
|archivedate=October 5, 2011
|deadurl=no
|df=
}}
</ref>
<ref name="nature2">
{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.246.4936.1459| pmid = 17756000| title = Ultraviolet Spectrometer Observations of Neptune and Triton| journal = Science| volume = 246| issue = 4936| pages = 1459–66| year = 1989| last1 = Broadfoot | first1 = A. L.| last2 = Atreya | first2 = S. K.| last3 = Bertaux | first3 = J. L.| last4 = Blamont | first4 = J. E.| last5 = Dessler | first5 = A. J.| last6 = Donahue | first6 = T. M.| last7 = Forrester | first7 = W. T.| last8 = Hall | first8 = D. T.| last9 = Herbert | first9 = F.| last10 = Holberg | first10 = J. B.| last11 = Hunter | first11 = D. M.| last12 = Krasnopolsky | first12 = V. A.| last13 = Linick | first13 = S.| last14 = Lunine | first14 = J. I.| last15 = McConnell | first15 = J. C.| last16 = Moos | first16 = H. W.| last17 = Sandel | first17 = B. R.| last18 = Schneider | first18 = N. M.| last19 = Shemansky | first19 = D. E.| last20 = Smith | first20 = G. R.| last21 = Strobel | first21 = D. F.| last22 = Yelle | first22 = R. V.| bibcode = 1989Sci...246.1459B}}
</ref>
<ref name="NYT-20141105-DO">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=dennis Overbye |title=Bound for Pluto, Carrying Memories of Triton |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/05/science/bound-for-pluto-carrying-memories-of-triton.html |date=November 5, 2014 |work=New York Times |accessdate=November 5, 2014 }}</ref>
}}
[[Category:နက်ပကျွန်းဂြိုဟ်၏ ဂြိုဟ်ရံလများ]]
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