အသုံးပြုသူ:Aung Zautak/sandbox

Amhu

Group name	Grouped consonants
	Unaspirated (သိထိလ)		Aspirated (ဓနိတ)		Voiced (လဟု)				Nasal (နိဂ္ဂဟိတ)
Velars (ကဏ္ဍဇ) ကဝဂ်	က	ka [k]	ခ	kha [kʰ]	ဂ	ga [ɡ]	ဃ	gha [ɡ]	င	nga [ŋ]
	ကကြီး [k]		ခကွေး		ဂငယ် [ɡ]		ဃကြီး [ɡ]		င [ŋ]
Palatals (တာလုဇ) စဝဂ်	စ	csa [ts]	ဆ	csha [tsʰ]	ဇ	jza [dz]	ဈ	jzha [dz]	ည	gna [ɲ]
	စလုံး [ts]		ဆလိမ်		ဇကွဲ [dz]		ဈမျဉ်းဆွဲ [dz]		ည [ɲ]
Alveolars (မုဒ္ဓဇ) ဋဝဂ်	ဋ	ta [t]	ဌ	tha [tʰ]	ဍ	da [d]	ဎ	dha [d]	ဏ	na [n]
	ဋသန်လျင်းချိတ် [t]		ဌဝမ်းဘဲ		ဍရင်ကောက် [d]		ဎရေမှုတ် [d]		ဏကြီး [n]
Dentals (ဒန္တဇ) တဝဂ်	တ	ta [t]	ထ	tha [tʰ]	ဒ	da [d]	ဓ	dha [d]	န	na [n]
	တဝမ်းပူ [t]		ထဆင်ထူး		ဒထွေး [d]		ဓအောက်ခြိုက် [d]		နငယ် [n]
Labials (ဩဌဇ) ပဝဂ်	ပ	pa [p]	ဖ	pha [pʰ]	ဗ	ba [b]	ဘ	bha [b]	မ	ma [m]
	ပစောက် [p]		ဖဦးထုပ်		ဗထက်ခြိုက်‌ [b]		ဘကုန်း [b]		မ [m]
Miscellaneous consonants
Without group (အဝဂ်)	ယ	ya [j]	ရ	ra/rja [ɹ] [j]	လ	la [l]	ဝ	wa [w]	သ	stha [θ] [ð]
	ယပက်လက် [j]		ရကောက်‌ [ɹ] [j]		လ [l]		ဝ‌ [w]		သ‌ [θ] [ð]
			ဟ	ha [h]	ဠ	la [l]	အ	a [ʔ]
			ဟ‌ [h]		ဠကြီး [l]		အ ʔ

Sthara

Independent vowels
	ဣ	/ʔḭ/	ဤ	/ʔì/	ဥ	/ʔṵ/	ဦ	/ʔù/
	ဧ	/ʔè/	ဩ	/ʔɔ́/	ဪ	/ʔɔ̀/

Arjootha

Phonetics →	sparśa (Plosive)								anunāsika (Nasal)		antastha (Approximant)		ūṣman/saṃghaṣhrī (Fricative)
Voicing →	aghoṣa				saghoṣa								aghoṣa		saghoṣa
Aspiration →	alpaprāṇa		mahāprāṇa		alpaprāṇa		mahāprāṇa		alpaprāṇa				mahāprāṇa
က ဝဂ် (ကဏ္ဍဇ)Velars	[က]	ka [k]	[ခ]	kha [kʰ]	[ဂ]	ga [ɡ]	[ဃ]	gha [ɡ]	[င]	nɡa [ŋ]					[ဟ]	ha [h]
စ ဝဂ် (တာလုဇ)Palatals	[စ]	csa [ts]	[ဆ]	csha [tsʰ]	[ဇ]	jza [dz]	[ဈ]	jzha [dz]	[ည]	ɡna [ɲ]	[ယ]	ya [j]	श	śa [ʃ]
ဋ ဝဂ် (မုဒ္ဓဇ) Alveolars	[ဋ]	ta [t]	[ဌ]	tha [tʰ]	[ဍ]	da [d]	[ဎ]	dha [d]	[ဏ]	na [n]	[ရ]	ra [ɹ]	ष	ṣa [ʂ]
တ ဝဂ် (ဒန္တဇ) Dentals	[တ]	ta [t]	[ထ]	tha [tʰ]	[ဒ]	da [d]	[ဓ]	dha [d]	[န]	na [n]	[လ]	la [l]	[သ]	stha [θ]
ပ ဝဂ် (ဩဌဇ) Labials	[ပ]	pa [p]	[ဖ]	pha [pʰ]	[ဗ]	ba [b]	[ဘ]	bha [b]	[မ]	ma [m]	[ဝ]	wa [w]

69

အ

အာ

ဣ

ဤ

ဥ

ဦ

ဧ

အဲ

ဩ

ဪ

အို

အံ

အား

အ

အာ

အိ

အီ

အု

အူ

အေ

အဲ

အော

အော်

အို

အံ

အား

a

aa

i

ii

u

uu

e

ae

au

ou

o

am

ah

%%

a	i	u	e	ae	au	o
အ	ဣ	ဥ	ဧ	အဲ	ဩ	အို
က	ကိ	ကု	ကေ	ကဲ	ကော	ကို

a	aa	i	ii	u	uu	e	ae	ai	au	o
အ	အာ	ဣ	ဤ	ဥ	ဦ	ဧ	အဲ	အာဣ	ဩ	အို

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က k ([k])	ခ kh ([kʰ])	ဂ g ([ɡ])	ဃ gh ([ɡ])	င ng ([ŋ])
စ c ([s])	ဆ ch ([sʰ])	ဇ j ([z])	ဈ jh ([z])	ည ny ([ɲ])
ဋ t ([t])	ဌ th ([tʰ])	ဍ d ([d])	ဎ dh ([d])	ဏ n ([n])
တ t ([t])	ထ th ([tʰ])	ဒ d ([d])	ဓ dh ([d])	န n ([n])
ပ p ([p])	ဖ ph ([pʰ])	ဗ b ([b])	ဘ bh ([b])	မ m ([m])
ယ y ([j])	ရ r ([j] / [r])	လ l ([l])	ဝ w ([w])	သ s ([θ] / [ð])
	ဟ h ([h])	ဠ l ([l])	အ a ([ə] / [a])

555

The Burmese alphabet is arranged in groups of five, and within each group, consonants can stack one another. The consonant above the stacked consonant is the final of the previous vowel. Most words of Sino-Tibetan origin are spelt without stacking, but polysyllabic words of Indo-European origin (such as Pali, Sanskrit, and English) are often spelt with stacking. Possible c

Group	Burmese	Transcriptions	Example
ka.	က္က, က္ခ, ဂ္ဂ, ဂ္ဃ, င်္ဂ	kk, khk, gg, ggh, and ng g respectively	ang ga. lip (အင်္ဂလိပ်‌)1, meaning "English"
ca.	စ္စ, စ္ဆ, ဇ္ဇ, ဇ္ဈ, ဉ္စ, ဉ္ဇ,	cc, chc, jj, jjh, nyc, nyj	wijja (ဝိဇ္ဇာ), meaning "knowledge"
ta.	ဋ္ဋ, ဋ္ဌ, ဍ္ဍ, ဍ္ဎ, ဏ္ဍ	tt, tht, dd, ddh, nd	kanta. (ကဏ္ဍ), meaning "section"
ta.	တ္တ, ထ္ထ, ဒ္ဒ, န္တ, န္ထ, န္ဒ, န္ဓ, န္န	tt, htht, dd, nt, nht, nd, ndh, nn	manta. le: (မန္တလေး), Mandalay, a city in Myanmar
pa.	ပ္ပ, ဗ္ဗ, ဗ္ဘ, မ္ပ, မ္ဗ, မ္ဘ, မ္မ,	pp, bb, bbh, mp, mb, mbh, mm	kambha (ကမ္ဘာ), meaning "world"
ya.	ဿ, လ္လ	ss, ll	pissa (ပိဿာ), meaning viss, a traditional Burmese unit of weight measurement

¹ang ga. lip is uncommonly spelt ang ga. lit (အင်္ဂလိတ်).

All consonantal finals are pronounced as glottal stops ([ʔ]), except for nasal finals. All possible combinations are as follows, and correspond to the colors of the initials above:

Consonant	Transcription (with IPA)
k	-ak (-က် [eʔ]), -wak (ွက် [weʔ]), -auk (‌ောက် [auʔ]), -uik (ိုက် [aiʔ])
c	-ac (-စ် [iʔ])
t	-at (-တ်‌ [aʔ]), -wat (ွတ် [waʔ] or [uʔ]), -ut (ုတ် [ouʔ]), it (ိတ်‌ [eiʔ])
p	-p (-ပ် [aʔ] or [ɛʔ]), -wap (ွပ်‌ [waʔ] or [uʔ]), -up (ုပ်), ip (ိပ်‌ [eiʔ])

Nasalised finals are transcribed differently. Transcriptions of the following diacritical combinations in Burmese for nasalised finals are as follows:

Consonant	Transcription (with IPA)
ng	-ang (-င် [iɴ]), -wang (ွင် ‌[wiɴ]), -aung (‌ောင် [auɴ]), -uing (ိုင် [aiɴ])
ny	-any (-ည် [e] or [ei]), -any (-ဉ် iɴ])
n	-an (-န် [aɴ]), -wan (ွန်‌ [waɴ] or [uɴ]), -un (ုန် [ouɴ]), -in (ိန် [eiɴ])
m	-am (-မ်‌ [aɴ]), -wam (ွမ်‌ [waɴ] or [uɴ]), -um (ုမ် [ouɴ]), -im (ိမ် [eiɴ])
	-am (ံ [aɴ]), -um (ုံ [ouɴ]) (equivalent to -am, but spelt with an anunaasika)

Monophthongs are transcribed as follows:

Burmese			Transcription			IPA			Remarks
Low	High	Creaky	Low	High	Creaky	Low	High	Creaky
ာ	ား	-	-a	-a:	-a.	[à]	[á]	[a̰]	Can be combined with medial -w-.
ယ်‌	ဲ	ဲ့	-ai	-ai:	-ai.	[ɛ̀]	[ɛ́]	[ɛ̰]
ော်‌	ော	ော့	-au	-au:	-au.	[ɔ̀]	[ɔ́]	[ɔ̰]	As a full vowel in the high tone, it is written ဩ and transcribed au:. As a full vowel in the creaky tone, it is written ဪ and is transcribed au.
ူ	ူး	ု	-u	-u:	-u.	[ù]	[ú]	[ṵ]	As a full vowel in the creaky tone, it is written ဥ and is transcribed u.. As a vowel in low tone, it is written ဦ and transcribed u.
ို	ိုး	ို့	-ui	-ui:	-ui.	[ò]	[ó]	[o̰]
ီ	ီး	ိ	-i	-i:	i.	[ì]	[í]	[ḭ]	As a full vowel in the creaky tone, it is written ဣ and is transcribed i.. As a full vowel in the high tone, it is written ဤ and transcribed i:.
ေ	ေး	ေ့	-e	-e:	-e.	[è]	[é]	[ḛ]	As a full vowel in the high tone, it is written ဧ and is transcribed ei:. It can be combined with medial -w-.