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ဟူးဂိုးဆု: တည်းဖြတ်မှု မူကွဲများ

ရာဇဝင်ကို အပြန်အလှန်အားဖြင့် ဝင်ကြည့်ရန်
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{{Infobox award
{{Infobox ဆုတံဆိပ်|name=Hugo Award|image=[[File:Hugo Award Logo.png|125px]]|caption=Hugo Award Logo|description=Best science fiction or fantasy works of previous year|presenter=[[Worldcon|World Science Fiction Society]]|year=1953|website={{URL|thehugoawards.org}}}}'''ဟူးဂိုးဆု''' ဆိုသည်မှာ ယခင်နှစ်၏ အကောင်းဆုံး သိပ္ပံ စိတ်ကူးယဉ်ဝတ္ထု သို့မဟုတ် စိတ်ကူးယဉ် လက်ရာများနှင့် အောင်မြင်မှုများအတွက် နှစ်စဉ် ပေးအပ်သော ဆုများ အုပ်စု ဖြစ်သည်။ ဆုများကို အမေးဇင်း ဇာတ်လမ်းများဟူသည့် သိပ္ပံ စိတ်ကူးယဉ် မဂ္ဂဇင်း ကို တည်ထောင်သူ ဟူးဂိုး ဂန်းစဘက်အား အစွဲပြု၍ ခေါ်တွင်ပြီး၊ ၁၉၉၂ ခုနှစ်အထိ သိပ္ပံ စိတ်ကူးယဉ် အောင်မြင်မှုဆုများ ဟု၍ တရားဝင် ခေါ်ဆိုခဲ့သည်။ ကမ္ဘာ့ သိပ္ပံ စိတ်ကူးယဉ် ဝတ္ထု အသင်းက ကြီးမှူး ကျင်းပ၍၊ ဆုများကို အာရုံစိုက်မိစေရန်အတွက် နှစ်စဉ် ကျင်းပမြဲ ဖြစ်သော ကမ္ဘာ့ သိပ္ပံစိတ်ကူးယဉ် ဝတ္ထု ကွန်ဗင်းရှင်း၌ နှစ်စဉ် ပေးအပ်သည်။ ၁၁ ကြိမ်မြောက် သိပ္ပံစိတ်ကူးယဉ် ဝတ္ထု ကွန်ဗင်းရှင်းတွင် ဆုများကို ပထမဦးဆုံး ပေးအပ်သမှု ပြုခဲ့ပြီး၊ ၁၉၅၅ မှစ၍ နှစ်တိုင်း ချီးမြှင့်လာခဲ့သည်။ ဆုများ ပေးအပ်သည့် နှစ်ကာလတိုင်း၌၊ တင်သွင်းသော ကဏ္ဍများလည်း တိုးပွား ပြောင်းလဲလာပြီး၊ လက်ရှိတွင် တဒါဇင်ကျော်သော ကဏ္ဍများဖြင့် ဟူးဂိုးဆုများ ပေးအပ်၍၊ ပုံစံအမျိုးမျိုးသော အရေးအသားပိုင်းနှင့် လက်ရာများ နှစ်မျိုးစလုံး အကျုံးဝင်သည်။▼
| name = Hugo Award
| image = Hugo Award Logo.png|
| caption = Hugo Award logo
| location =
| country =
| description = Best science fiction or fantasy works of previous year
| presenter = [[:en:Worldcon|World Science Fiction Society]]
| year = ၁၉၅၃
| website = {{URL|thehugoawards.org}}
}}▼
▲{{Infobox ဆုတံဆိပ်|name=Hugo Award|image=[[File:Hugo Award Logo.png|125px]]|caption=Hugo Award Logo|description=Best science fiction or fantasy works of previous year|presenter=[[Worldcon|World Science Fiction Society]]|year=1953|website={{URL|thehugoawards.org}}}}'''ဟူးဂိုးဆု''' ဆိုသည်မှာ ယခင်နှစ်၏ အကောင်းဆုံး သိပ္ပံ စိတ်ကူးယဉ်ဝတ္ထု သို့မဟုတ် စိတ်ကူးယဉ် လက်ရာများနှင့် အောင်မြင်မှုများအတွက် နှစ်စဉ် ပေးအပ်သော ဆုများ အုပ်စု ဖြစ်သည်။ ဆုများကို အမေးဇင်း ဇာတ်လမ်းများဟူသည့် သိပ္ပံ စိတ်ကူးယဉ် မဂ္ဂဇင်း ကို တည်ထောင်သူ ဟူးဂိုး ဂန်းစဘက်အား အစွဲပြု၍ ခေါ်တွင်ပြီး၊ ၁၉၉၂ ခုနှစ်အထိ သိပ္ပံ စိတ်ကူးယဉ် အောင်မြင်မှုဆုများ ဟု၍ တရားဝင် ခေါ်ဆိုခဲ့သည်။ ကမ္ဘာ့ သိပ္ပံ စိတ်ကူးယဉ် ဝတ္ထု အသင်းက ကြီးမှူး ကျင်းပ၍၊ ဆုများကို အာရုံစိုက်မိစေရန်အတွက် နှစ်စဉ် ကျင်းပမြဲ ဖြစ်သော ကမ္ဘာ့ သိပ္ပံစိတ်ကူးယဉ် ဝတ္ထု ကွန်ဗင်းရှင်း၌ နှစ်စဉ် ပေးအပ်သည်။ ၁၁ ကြိမ်မြောက် သိပ္ပံစိတ်ကူးယဉ် ဝတ္ထု ကွန်ဗင်းရှင်းတွင် ဆုများကို ပထမဦးဆုံး ပေးအပ်သမှု ပြုခဲ့ပြီး၊ ၁၉၅၅ မှစ၍ နှစ်တိုင်း ချီးမြှင့်လာခဲ့သည်။ ဆုများ ပေးအပ်သည့် နှစ်ကာလတိုင်း၌၊ တင်သွင်းသော ကဏ္ဍများလည်း တိုးပွား ပြောင်းလဲလာပြီး၊ လက်ရှိတွင် တဒါဇင်ကျော်သော ကဏ္ဍများဖြင့် ဟူးဂိုးဆုများ ပေးအပ်၍၊ ပုံစံအမျိုးမျိုးသော အရေးအသားပိုင်းနှင့် လက်ရာများ နှစ်မျိုးစလုံး အကျုံးဝင်သည်။
 
ဟူးဂိုးဆုများကို စိတ်ကူးယဉ် သိပ္ပံဝတ္ထုများနှင့် စိတ်ကူးယဉ် စာပေလက်ရာများတွင် ပေးအပ်ခံရမှု၌ အကောင်းဆုံးသော ဂုဏ်သိက္ခာများထဲမှ တစ်ခုအဖြစ် သတ်မှတ် ညွှန်းဆိုသည်။ ဆုရရှိသော စာပေလက်ရာများကို အထူး စုစည်းမှုလက်ရာများအဖြစ် ပြန်လည်ထုတ်ဝေကြကာ ဆုရရှိသော စာအုပ်များ၏ အဖုံးပေါ်၌ ဟူးဂိုးဆု၏ တရားဝင်လိုဂိုကို အရောင်းမြှင့်တင်ရေး တံဆိပ် အဖြစ် ထည့်သွင်း ရိုက်နှိပ်ပေးသည်။ ၂၀၁၇ ဆုများကို [[ဖင်လန်နိုင်ငံ]]၊ [[ဟယ်လ်ဆင်ကီမြို့|ဟယ်လ်ဆင်ကီ]]တွင် ကျင်းပသော ၇၅ ကြိမ်မြောက် ကမ္ဘာ့ သိပ္ပံစိတ်ကူးယဉ် ဝတ္ထု ကွန်ဗင်းရှင်းတွင် ၁၁ ဩဂုတ် ၂၀၁၇ က ပေးအပ်ခဲ့သည်။ ၂၀၁၈ ဟူးဂိုးဆုများကို ၁၇ ဩဂုတ် ၂၀၁၈ ၌ [[ကယ်လီဖိုးနီးယားပြည်နယ်|ကယ်လီဖိုးနီးယား]]၊ ဆန်ဂျို့တွင် ကျင်းပပြုလုပ်မည့် ၇၆ ကြိမ်မြောက် ကမ္ဘာ့ သိပ္ပံ စိတ်ကူးယဉ် ဝတ္ထု ကွန်ဗင်းရှင်းတွင် ပေးအပ်မည် ဖြစ်သည်။
Line ၁၃၈ ⟶ ၁၄၉:
 
== ကိုးကား ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=}}
 
<ref name="LAT">{{cite web|last=Kellogg |first=Carolyn |title=2011 Hugo Award nominees announced |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/04/2011-hugo-award-nominees-announced.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=2011-06-13 |date=2011-04-25 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/602YgMZcw?url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2011/04/2011-hugo-award-nominees-announced.html |archivedate=2011-07-09 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="LocusHugoinfo">{{cite web|url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Hugo.html |title=The Locus index to SF Awards: About the Hugo Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |accessdate=2010-04-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103034223/http://locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/Hugo.html |archivedate=2010-01-03 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="thafaq">{{cite web|publisher=World Science Fiction Society |title=The Hugo Awards: FAQ |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-faq/ |accessdate=2010-04-20 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVV4tiaD?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-faq/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="thacat">{{cite web|publisher=World Science Fiction Society |title=The Hugo Awards: Introduction |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-categories/ |accessdate=2010-04-20 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yUueQukn?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-categories/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="thaabout">{{cite web|publisher=World Science Fiction Society |title=The Hugo Awards: Hugo Award Categories |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/about/ |accessdate=2010-04-20 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVV5D2ba?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/about/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="thavoting">{{cite web |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |title=The Hugo Awards: The Voting System |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/the-voting-system/ |accessdate=2015-06-14}}</ref>
<ref name="worldcon">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldcon.org/ |title=World Science Fiction Society / Worldcon |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414154525/http://www.worldcon.org/ |archivedate=2009-04-14 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="HugoTrophy">{{cite web|publisher=World Science Fiction Society |title=The Hugo Awards: Hugo Award Trophies |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-trophies/ |accessdate=2011-06-12 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/602YhiLPB?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-trophies/ |archivedate=2011-07-09 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo53">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1953-hugo-awards/ |title=1953 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yUug3tWw?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1953-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="PhilconBook">{{cite book |title=Eleventh World Science Convention Program |year=1953 |publisher=[[Philadelphia Science Fiction Society]] |page=5 |url=http://www.fanac.org/fanzines/Philcon/Philcon2pb-05.html |editor=[[David Kyle|Kyle, David]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202043954/http://www.fanac.org/fanzines/Philcon/Philcon2pb-05.html |archivedate=2008-12-02 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
<ref name="HugoPropose">Madle, ''Inside Science Fiction'', p.&nbsp;54</ref>
<ref name="Hugo54">{{cite web|last=Standlee |first=Kevin |title=The Hugo Awards: Ask a Question |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/ask-a-question/ |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2011-06-13 |date=2007-11-03 |quote=The awards presented in 1953 were initially conceived as "one-off" awards, and the 1954 Worldcon decided not to present them again. |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/602Yi8IjO?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/ask-a-question/ |archivedate=2011-07-09 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo59">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1959-hugo-awards/ |title=1959 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVV8bvea?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1959-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="63minutes">{{cite web|title=The Con-committee Chairman's Guide, by George Scithers. Chapter 10 – The Constitution and Bylaws |url=http://www.timill.co.uk/smofs/ch10.htm |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2011-03-03 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yUueAs6J?url=http://www.timill.co.uk/smofs/ch10.htm |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo61">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1961-hugo-awards/ |title=1961 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVV95kgh?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1961-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Franson36">Franson; DeVore, ''A History of the Hugo, Nebula and International Fantasy Awards'', pp.&nbsp;3–6</ref>
<ref name="Nicholls595">Nicholls; Clute, ''The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'', p.&nbsp;595</ref>
<ref name="Nicholls596">Nicholls; Clute, ''The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'', p.&nbsp;596</ref>
<ref name="63const">{{cite web|title=The World Science Fiction Society Constitution and Bylaws 1963 |url=http://www.timill.co.uk/smofs/cons1963.htm |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2011-03-03 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yUuedSda?url=http://www.timill.co.uk/smofs/cons1963.htm |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo63">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1963-hugo-awards/ |title=1963 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVV9WBOF?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1963-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo67">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1967-hugo-awards/ |title=1967 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVVAML7g?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1967-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo68">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1968-hugo-awards/ |title=1968 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVVAZbCS?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1968-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo71">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1971-hugo-awards/ |title=1971 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVVBDaxl?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1971-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo73">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1973-hugo-awards/ |title=1973 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVVBdci0?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1973-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="74minutes">{{cite web|title=Notes from the 1974 WSFS Business Meeting |url=http://www.timill.co.uk/smofs/w1974.htm |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2011-03-03 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yUuepglE?url=http://www.timill.co.uk/smofs/w1974.htm |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo77">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1977-hugo-awards/ |title=1977 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVVCTw3d?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1977-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo80">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1980-hugo-awards/ |title=1980 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVVD8JTi?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1980-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo84">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1984-hugo-awards/ |title=1984 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVVE1QEt?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/1984-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="BEscandal">{{cite web |url=http://www.scottedelman.com/2015/04/06/in-which-the-sad-puppies-prove-to-be-more-powerful-than-l-ron-hubbard/#more-19137 |title=In which the Sad Puppies prove to be more powerful than L. Ron Hubbard |last=Edelman |first=Scott |authorlink=Scott Edelman |date=2015-04-06 |accessdate=2015-04-27 |publisher=scottedelman.com}}</ref>
<ref name="BGscandal">{{cite web |url=https://www.wired.com/2015/10/hugo-awards-controversy/ |title=Sci-Fi's Hugo Awards and the Battle for Pop Culture's Soul |last=Wallace |first=Amy |date=2015-10-30 |work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |accessdate=2015-11-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117222440/http://www.wired.com/2015/10/hugo-awards-controversy/ |archivedate=2015-11-17 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
<ref name="OlderScandals">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2015-hugo-awards/comment-page-2/ |title=2015 Hugo Awards |last=Standlee |first=Kevin |date=2015-04-06 |accessdate=2015-04-27 |publisher=World Science Fiction Society}}</ref>
<ref name="90minutes">{{cite web|title=Minutes of 1990 WSFS Business Meeting |url=http://www.timill.co.uk/smofs/w1990.htm |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2011-03-03 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yUufHV0S?url=http://www.timill.co.uk/smofs/w1990.htm |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="91minutes">{{cite web|title=The World Science Fiction Society – 1991 Minutes |url=http://www.timill.co.uk/smofs/w1991.htm |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2011-03-03 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yUufXeDF?url=http://www.timill.co.uk/smofs/w1991.htm |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="96minutes">{{cite web|title=1996 WSFS Business Meeting Minutes |url=http://www.timill.co.uk/smofs/w1996.htm |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2011-03-03 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yUufogHh?url=http://www.timill.co.uk/smofs/w1996.htm |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo03">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2003-hugo-awards/ |title=2003 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVVI8r8Z?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2003-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo07">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2007-hugo-awards/ |title=2007 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVVJ2L2L?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2007-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo09">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2009-hugo-awards/ |title=2009 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2010-04-19 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5yVVJU4bH?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2009-hugo-awards/ |archivedate=2011-05-07 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
 
<ref name="LocusRetroHugoinfo">{{cite web|url=http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/RetroHugo.html |title=The Locus index to SF Awards: About the Retro Hugo Awards |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |accessdate=2010-04-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103042101/http://locusmag.com/SFAwards/Db/RetroHugo.html |archivedate=2010-01-03 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Franson7">Franson; DeVore, ''A History of the Hugo, Nebula and International Fantasy Awards'', p.&nbsp;7</ref>
<ref name="thacamp">{{cite web|publisher=World Science Fiction Society |title=The Hugo Awards: Campbell Awards |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/campbell-history/ |accessdate=2011-06-13 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/602YiMC4W?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/campbell-history/ |archivedate=2011-07-09 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Wired">{{cite web|last=Donahoo |first=Daniel |title=Previous post Next post Hugo Award Winners Announced at AussieCon 4 |url=https://www.wired.com/geekdad/2010/09/hugo-award-winners-announced-at-aussiecon-4/ |work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast|Condé Nast Publications]] |accessdate=2011-06-13 |date=2010-09-05 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/602Yio1Lz?url=http://www.wired.com/geekdad/2010/09/hugo-award-winners-announced-at-aussiecon-4/ |archivedate=2011-07-09 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="BOTSSF">Larbalestier, ''The Battle of the Sexes in Science Fiction'', p.&nbsp;255</ref>
<ref name="TOR">{{cite web|last=Walton |first=Jo |title=Hugo Nominees: Introduction |url=http://www.tor.com/blogs/2010/10/hugo-nominees-introduction |publisher=[[Tor Books|Tor.com]] |accessdate=2011-08-01 |authorlink=Jo Walton |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/60cgDp7el?url=http://www.tor.com/blogs/2010/10/hugo-nominees-introduction |archivedate=2011-08-01 |date=2010-10-24 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="GuardianHugo">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2008/aug/07/aninternationalcontestweca |title=An International Contest We Can Win|last=Jordison |first=Sam |authorlink=Sam Jordison |date=2008-08-07 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=2010-04-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090729220341/http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/booksblog/2008/aug/07/aninternationalcontestweca |archivedate=2009-07-29 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
<ref name="TNESF">Gunn, ''The New Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'', p.&nbsp;32</ref>
<ref name="SFC">Bacon-Smith, ''Science Fiction Culture'', p.&nbsp;61</ref>
<ref name="2014noms">{{cite web |last=Standlee |first=Kevin |title=2014 Hugo Awards Finalists Announced |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/2014/04/2014-hugo-awards-finalists-announced-3/ |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |date=2014-04-19 |accessdate=2015-04-07}}</ref>
<ref name="2014voters">{{cite web |last=Ellis-Petersen |first=Hannah |title=Ann Leckie's debut novel wins Hugo science fiction award |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/aug/18/ann-leckie-debut-novel-hugo-science-fiction-award |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2014-08-17 |accessdate=2014-08-18}}</ref>
<ref name="TYS">Aldiss; Wingrove, ''Trillion Year Spree'', p.&nbsp;349</ref>
<ref name="1964voters">{{cite web |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |title=1964 Hugo Statistics |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/content/pdf/1964HugoStatistics.pdf |accessdate=2014-04-26}}</ref>
<ref name="2016noms">{{cite web |last=Standlee |first=Kevin |title=2016 Hugo Award Finalists Announced |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/2016/04/2016-hugo-award-finalists-announced/ |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |date=2016-04-26 |accessdate=2016-09-30}}</ref>
<ref name="2016votes">{{cite web |title=2016 Hugo Final Results |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/content/pdf/2016HugoStatistics.pdf |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |date=2016-08-24 |accessdate=2016-09-30}}</ref>
 
<ref name="The Guardian 9 April 2015">{{cite web |last=Flood |first=Alison |title=George RR Martin says rightwing lobby has 'broken' Hugo awards |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/apr/09/george-rr-martin-right-wing-broken-hugo-awards |accessdate=2015-04-11 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2015-04-09}}</ref>
<ref name="Slate 8 April 2015">{{cite web |last=Waldman |first=Katy |title=How Sci-Fi's Hugo Awards Got Their Own Full-Blown Gamergate |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2015/04/08/_2015_hugo_awards_how_the_sad_and_rabid_puppies_took_over_the_sci_fi_nominations.html |accessdate=2015-04-11 |work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=2015-04-08}}</ref>
<ref name="Daily Telegraph 6 April 2015">{{cite web |title=Hugo Award nominations spark criticism over diversity in sci-fi: Sci-fi awards have been roped into a furore |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/booknews/11517920/Hugo-Award-nominations-spark-row-over-diversity-in-sci-fi.html |accessdate=2015-04-12 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2015-04-08}}</ref>
<ref name="Hugo2015Stats">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/content/pdf/2015HugoStatistics.pdf |title=2015 Hugo Award Statistics |date=2015-08-22 |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2015-08-23}}</ref>
<ref name="FirstAfter">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/2015/04/two-finalists-withdraw-from-2015-hugo-awards/ |title=Two Finalists Withdraw from 2015 Hugo Awards |last=Standlee |first=Kevin |date=2015-04-16 |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |accessdate=2015-04-19}}</ref>
<ref name="WillisDecline">{{cite web |work=[[Locus (magazine)|Locus]] |url=http://www.locusmag.com/News/2015/04/hugo-award-nomination-withdrawals/ |title=Hugo Awards Withdrawals |date=2015-04-15 |accessdate=2015-04-15}}</ref>
<ref name="The Guardian 6 April 2015">{{cite web |last=Walter |first=Damien |title=Are the Hugo nominees really the best sci-fi books of the year? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2015/apr/06/are-the-hugo-nominees-really-the-best-sci-fi-books-of-the-year |accessdate=2015-04-11 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2015-04-06}}</ref>
<ref name="The A.V. Club 6 April 2015">{{cite web |last=McCown |first=Alex |title=This year's Hugo Award nominees are a messy political controversy |url=http://www.avclub.com/article/years-hugo-award-nominees-are-messy-political-cont-217574 |accessdate=2015-04-11 |work=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=2015-04-06}}</ref>
<ref name="Boston Globe 7 April 2015">{{cite web |title=Hugo Awards nominations stir controversy |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/names/2015/04/07/hugo-awards-nominations-stir-controversy/p35RJCTVKx4GJJKFAmWNnK/story.html |accessdate=2015-04-11 |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |date=2015-04-07}}</ref>
<ref name="The Sydney Morning Herald 9 April 2015">{{cite web |last=Biggs |first=Tim |title=Gamergate-style furore after sci-fi awards hijacked |url=http://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/digital-life-news/gamergatestyle-furore-after-scifi-awards-hijacked-20150408-1mfpk2.html |accessdate=2015-04-11 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |publisher=[[Fairfax Media]] |date=2015-04-09}}</ref>
<ref name="DelanySP">{{cite web |title=Samuel Delany and the Past and Future of Science Fiction |url=http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/samuel-delany-and-the-past-and-future-of-science-fiction |work=[[The New Yorker]] |publisher=[[Advance Publications]] |date=2015-07-29 |last=Bebergal |first=Peter |accessdate=2015-08-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801154709/http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/samuel-delany-and-the-past-and-future-of-science-fiction |archivedate=2015-08-01 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
<ref name="Puppy2016">{{cite web |url=http://file770.com/?p=28616 |title=Measuring The Rabid Puppies Slate’s Impact on the Final Hugo Ballot |last=Glyer |first=Mike |date=2016-04-26 |accessdate=2016-09-11}}</ref>
<ref name="2016RuleChange">{{cite web |url=https://midamericon2.org/business-passed-on/ |title=Business Passed On |publisher=[[74th World Science Fiction Convention|MidAmeriCon II]] |work=World Science Fiction Society Annual Business Meeting |accessdate=2017-02-24}}</ref>
 
<ref name="GuardianHugo2">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2008/jan/07/whydocriticsstillsneerat |title=Why do critics still sneer at sci-fi? |last=Jordison |first=Sam |authorlink=Sam Jordison |date=2008-08-07 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=2011-06-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090730185111/http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/booksblog/2008/jan/07/whydocriticsstillsneerat |archivedate=2009-07-30 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
<ref name="SALONnebula">{{cite web |last=Miller |first=Laura |title=The Death of the Red-Hot Center |url=http://www.salon.com/books/feature/2000/08/11/guide_intro |publisher=[[Salon (website)|Salon.com]] |accessdate=2011-09-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129233845/http://www.salon.com/books/feature/2000/08/11/guide_intro |archivedate=2011-01-29 |date=2011-08-20 |deadurl=no}}</ref>
<ref name="HugoLogo">{{cite web|publisher=World Science Fiction Society |title=The Hugo Awards: Hugo Awards Logo Contest Official Rules |url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-awards-logo-contest-official-rules/ |accessdate=2010-04-21 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/602YmqmfM?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-awards-logo-contest-official-rules/ |archivedate=2011-07-09 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="ScalziLogo">{{cite web|url=http://whatever.scalzi.com/2010/01/05/your-hate-mail-will-be-graded-out-in-trade-paperback/ |title=Your Hate Mail Will Be Graded Out in Trade Paperback |author=[[John Scalzi|Scalzi, John]] |date=2010-01-05 |publisher=scalzi.com |accessdate=2010-04-21 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/602YnavY5?url=http://whatever.scalzi.com/2010/01/05/your-hate-mail-will-be-graded-out-in-trade-paperback/ |archivedate=2011-07-09 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="FWFA">Gahan, ''First World Fantasy Awards'', 17</ref>
<ref name="MBW">Curtis, ''Mastering the Business of Writing'', ch. 15</ref>
<ref name="HWSFF">Card, ''How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy'', p.&nbsp;133</ref>
<ref name="AWCGSF">Barron, ''Anatomy of Wonder'', p.&nbsp;476</ref>
<ref name="THAS">"The Hugo Award Showcase Editorial Review", ''[[Publishers Weekly]]''</ref>
<ref name="Hugo12">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2012-hugo-awards/ |title=2012 Hugo Awards |publisher=World Science Fiction Society |archivedate=2012-09-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6AOjdWrOS?url=http://www.thehugoawards.org/hugo-history/2012-hugo-awards/ |df= }}</ref>
▲}}
 
== ရင်းမြစ်များ ==
* {{Cite book|last=Aldiss|year=1988|authorlink=Brian Aldiss|first=Brian|origyear=1973|title=Trillion Year Spree: The History of Science Fiction|publisher=[[:en:Grafton (publisher)|Paladin]]|isbn=0-586-08684-6}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bacon-Smith|year=2000|first=Camille|title=Science Fiction Culture|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=0-8122-1530-3}}
* {{Cite book|last=Barron|year=2004|authorlink=Neil Barron|first=Neil|title=Anatomy of Wonder: A Critical Guide to Science Fiction|edition=5th|publisher=[[:en:ABC-CLIO|Libraries Unlimited]]|isbn=1-59158-171-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Card|authorlink=Orson Scott Card|first=Orson Scott|date=1990-07-15|title=How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy|publisher=[[:en:Writer's Digest|Writer's Digest Books]]|isbn=0-89879-416-1}}
* {{Cite book|last=Curtis|year=1996|first=Richard|chapter=15|title=Mastering the Business of Writing|publisher=[[:en:Skyhorse Publishing|Allworth Press]]|isbn=1-880559-55-2}}
* {{Cite book|last=Franson|year=1978|first=Donald|title=A History of the Hugo, Nebula and International Fantasy Awards|publisher=Misfit Press}}
* {{Cite book|year=1988|editor=[[:en:James E. Gunn (writer)|Gunn, James]]|title=The New Encyclopedia of Science Fiction|publisher=[[Viking Press]]|isbn=0-670-81041-X}}
* {{Cite book|last=Larbalestier|year=2002|authorlink=Justine Larbalestier|first=Justine|title=The Battle of the Sexes in Science Fiction|publisher=[[Wesleyan University Press]]|isbn=0-8195-6527-X}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Madle|first=Robert A.|date=March 1954|title=Inside Science Fiction|journal=[[:en:Future Science Fiction and Science Fiction Stories|Future Science Fiction]]|volume=4|issue=6}}
* {{Cite book|last=Nicholls|year=1993|authorlink=Peter Nicholls (writer)|first=Peter|title=The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction|publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]]|isbn=0-312-09618-6}}
* {{Cite journal|date=2010-09-06|title=The Hugo Award Showcase Editorial Review|journal=[[Publishers Weekly]]|volume=257|issue=35|issn=0000-0019}}
* {{Cite book|year=1977|editor=[[:en:Gahan Wilson|Wilson, Gahan]]|title=First World Fantasy Awards|publisher=[[:en:Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]|isbn=0-385-12199-7}}
 
== ပြင်ပလင့် ==
"https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/ဟူးဂိုးဆု" မှ ရယူရန်