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{{Infobox အိတ်ချိန်း
{{Retaining title}}
|nameအမည် = NASDAQ▼
{{not Burmese}}
{{Infobox ဈေးကွက်
▲|name = NASDAQ
|nativename =
|logoလိုဂို =
|imageပုံ = [[File:NASDAQ.JPG|200px]]
|typeအမျိုးအစား = စတော့ဈေးကွက်
|cityမြို့ = နယူးယောက်
|countryနိုင်ငံ = အမေရိကန်ပြည်ထောင်စု
|coor =
|founded စတင်တည်ထောင်ခြင်း = ၁၉၇၁ ခုနှစ် ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ ၈ ရက်
|ပိုင်ရှင် = နာ့စ်ဒက်ခ် အိုအမ်အိတ်စ် အုပ်စု
|owner = [[The NASDAQ OMX Group]]
|အဓိက_ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်များ =ရောဘတ် ဂရေဖယ်လ် <small>စီအီးအို</small><br />အိတ်ချ် ဖာလောင်း ဘော်လ်ဒွင် <small>ဥက္ကဋ္ဌ</small>
|key_people = [[Robert Greifeld]] <small>[[Chief Executive Officer|(CEO)]]</small><br />[[H. Furlong Baldwin]] <small>[[Chair (official)|(Chairman)]]</small>
|စာရင်းရှိ_ကုမ္ပဏီပေါင်း= ၃၂၀၀
|listings = ၃၂၀၀
|မတည်ငွေပေါင်း =
|mcap =
|volume ပမာဏ =
|currencyငွေကြေး = အမေရိကန်ဒေါ်လာ
|indexesညွှန်းကိန်းများ = NASDAQ Composite<br />NASDAQ-100<br />NASDAQ Biotechnology Index
|homepageဝက်ဘ်ဆိုက်ဒ် = [http://www.nasdaqomx.com/ www.nasdaqomx.com]
|footnotes =
}}
Line ၂၆ ⟶ ၂၄:
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) မှ ဈေးကွက်အတွင်း စတော့ရောင်းဝယ်မှုများကို စောင့်ကြပ်ကြည့်ရှုနေသည်။
 
With the completed purchase of the [[Nordic countries|Nordic]]-based operated exchange [[OMX]], following its agreement with [[Borse Dubai]], NASDAQ is poised to capture 67% of the controlling stake in the aforementioned exchange, thereby inching ever closer to taking over the company and creating a trans-atlantic powerhouse.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/businessNews/idUSL2712067120070527 |title=Dubai looking to crash Nasdaq OMX deal: paper |accessdate=2007-10-29 |date=[[2007-05-27]] |work= |publisher=Reuters}}</ref>
Nasdaq-OMX group as it's now known now controls and operates the NASDAQ stock market in NYC, which is the second largest in the US; in addition, it now operates eight stock exchanges in Europe and also holds 33.3% of the Dubai Stock Exchange. It has a double-listing agreement with OMX, and will compete with NYSE-Euronext group in attracting new listings.
 
[[Category:စတော့ခ် အိတ်ချိန်း]]
== History ==
{{see also|Economy of New York City}}
When the NASDAQ [[stock exchange]] began trading on [[February 8]], [[1971]], the NASDAQ was the world's first [[electronic stock market]]. At first, it was merely a [[computer bulletin board]] system and did not actually connect buyers and sellers. The NASDAQ helped lower the spread (the difference between the bid price and the ask price of the stock) but somewhat paradoxically was unpopular among brokerages because they made much of their money on the spread.
 
NASDAQ was the successor to the [[Over-the-counter (finance)|over-the-counter]] (OTC) and the "[[Curb Exchange]]" systems of trading. As late as 1987, the NASDAQ exchange was still commonly referred to as the OTC in media and also in the monthly [[Stock Guide]]s issued by [[Standard & Poor]]'s Corporation.<ref name="stockguide">Standard & Poor's Corporation, Stock Guide, Year End 1987 issue</ref>
 
Over the years, NASDAQ became more of a stock market by adding trade and volume reporting and automated trading systems. NASDAQ was also the first stock market in the United States to advertise to the general public, highlighting NASDAQ-traded companies (usually in technology) and closing with the declaration that NASDAQ is "the stock market for the next hundred years." Its main index is the [[NASDAQ Composite]], which has been published since its inception. However, its exchange-traded fund tracks the large-cap [[NASDAQ 100]] index, which was introduced in 1985 alongside the NASDAQ 100 Financial Index.
 
Until 1987, most trading occurred via the telephone, but during the [[Black Monday (1987)|October 1987 stock market crash]], [[market maker]]s often didn't answer their phones. To counteract this, the [[Small Order Execution System]] (SOES) was established, which provides an electronic method for dealers to enter their trades. NASDAQ requires market makers to honor trades over SOES.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Wells|publisher=Associated Press|url=http://www.s-t.com/daily/02-96/02-05-96/7nasdaq.htm|title='Market for Next 100 Years' is 25}}</ref>
 
In 1992, it joined with the [[London Stock Exchange]] to form the first intercontinental linkage of [[Capital market|securities markets]]. NASDAQ's 1998 merger with the [[American Stock Exchange]] formed the [[NASDAQ-Amex Market Group]], and by the beginning of the 21st century it had become the largest electronic stock market (in terms of both dollar value and share volume) in the United States. [[NASD]] spun off NASDAQ in 2000 to form a [[publicly traded company]], the [[The NASDAQ Stock Market|NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.loc.gov/rr/business/amex/amex.html |title=History of the NASDAQ and American Stock Exchanges |date=September 2006 |publisher=The Library of Congress: Business Reference Services}}</ref>
 
On [[November 8]], [[2007]], NASDAQ bought the [[Philadelphia Stock Exchange]](PHLX) for US$652,000,000. PHLX is the oldest stock exchange in America, having been in operation since 1790.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2007/11/07/bcnnasdaq107.xml |author=James Quinn |title=Nasdaq to buy Philadelphia Stock |publisher=London Telegraph |date=2007-11-08}}</ref>
NASDAQ lists approximately 3,200 [[securities]], of which 335 are non-U.S. companies from 35 countries representing all industry sectors.<ref>[http://www.nasdaq.com/reference/nasdaq_facts.stm NASDAQ Facts] NASDAQ</ref> To qualify for listing on the exchange, a company must be registered with the SEC, have at least three [[market maker]]s (financial firms that act as brokers or dealers for specific securities), and meet minimum requirements for assets, capital, public shares, and shareholders.<ref>[http://www.nasdaq.com/about/listing_information.stm Listing On NASDAQ] NASDAQ </ref> NasdaqOMX now has a dual listing agreement with the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.
 
== Business ==
NASDAQ allows ''multiple market participants'' to trade through its [[Electronic Communication Network]]s (ECNs) structure, increasing [[competition]]. The [[Small Order Execution System]] (SOES) is another NASDAQ feature, introduced in 1987, to ensure that in 'turbulent' market conditions small market orders are not forgotten but are automatically processed. With approximately 3,200 companies, it lists more companies and, on average, its systems trade more shares per day than any other stock exchange in the world. NASDAQ will follow the [[New York Stock Exchange]] in halting domestic trading in the event of a sharp and sudden decline of the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasdaqtrader.com/trader/help/circuitbreaker.stm|title=Circuit Breaker Trigger Points and Trade Halt Durations |publisher=nasdaqtrader.com}}</ref>
 
== Market share ==
As of [[March 1]], [[2007]], accounts for about 14-15% of the shares traded. For [[Tape C]] securities, it accounts for approximately 45-98% of the trading volume.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.batstrading.com/market_volume.php|title=Market Volume Summary |publisher=batstrading.com}}</ref>
 
== Fees ==
NASDAQ has a maker taker pricing system that offers lower [[liquidity]] removal fees and more favorable added-liquidity [[rebate]]s based on how much trading volume the market participant executes on the NASDAQ system.
 
Exchange Pricing wars have taken place since the demutualization of the Equities exchanges in the US. Nasdaq uses several maker-taker pricing models depending on Tape and customers.
 
== Quote availability ==
NASDAQ quotes are available at three levels:
* '''Level 1''' shows the highest bid and lowest offer — the inside quote.
* '''Level 2''' shows all public quotes of [[market maker]]s together with information of market makers wishing to sell or buy stock and recently executed orders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://daytrading.about.com/od/daytradingglossary/a/OrderBook.htm|title=Order Book, Level 2 Market Data, and Depth of Market|publisher=daytrading.about.com}}</ref>
* '''Level 3''' is used by the market makers and allows them to enter their quotes and execute orders.
 
== Trading Schedule ==
The NASDAQ Stock Market Trading Sessions (Eastern Time)<ref>{{cite web|publisher=NASDAQ|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/about/schedule.stm|title=Nasdaq Trading Schedule}}</ref>
* Pre-Market Trading Hours from 7:00 a.m. to 9:30 a.m.
* Market Hours from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
* After-Market Hours from 4:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.
 
== Indexes ==
* [[Nasdaq Composite|NASDAQ Composite]]
* [[NASDAQ-100]]
* [[NASDAQ Biotechnology Index]]
 
== Markets ==
* [[NASDAQ Global Select Market]]
* [[NASDAQ Global Market]]
* [[NASDAQ Capital Market]]
* [[NASDAQ PORTAL Market]]
 
== See also ==
* [[NASDAQ MarketSite]]
* [[ACT (Nasdaq)]]
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== External links ==
* [http://www.nasdaq.com/ The NASDAQ Stock Market]
* [http://www.mytradingsystem.net/Stock-market-indexes-history.html A history of major Indexes - Dow Jones, NASDAQ,SP500 ]
 
 
 
{{Stock market indexes}}
{{stock market}}
 
[[Category:NASDAQ| ]]
[[Category:Companies based in New York City]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1971]]
[[Category:Economy of New York City]]
[[Category:Economy of the United States]]
[[Category:Stock exchanges in the United States]]
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