အသုံးပြုသူ:Phyominoo1993/Burmese language

Burmese
မြန်မာစာ (written Burmese)

မြန်မာစကား (spoken Burmese)အသံထွက်IPA: [mjəmàzà]
[mjəmà zəɡá]ဒေသခံMyanmarလူမျိုးစုBamar people

ဒေသခံ ပြောဆိုသူများ

၃၃ million (2007)
Second language: 10 million (no date)

ဘာသာစကား မိသားစု

တရုတ်-တိဗက်နွယ်

• Lolo-Burmese
  • Burmish
    • Burmese

အစောပိုင်းပုံစံများ

Old Burmese

• Middle Burmese

စာအရေးအသားစနစ်

Burmese alphabet
Burmese Brailleတရားဝင် အခြေအနေ

ရုံးသုံး အဖြစ် အသုံးပြုမှု

Myanmarတရားဝင် ထိန်းသိမ်းသူMyanmar Language Commissionဘာသာစကားကုဒ်များISO 639-1myISO 639-2bur (B)
mya (T)ISO 639-3mya – ပါဝင်သော ကုဒ်
သီးခြားကုဒ်များ:
int – Intha
tvn – Tavoyan dialects
tco – Taungyo dialects
rki – Arakanese language ("Rakhine")
rmz – Marma ("Burmese")Glottologsout3159Linguasphere77-AAA-aဤဆောင်းပါးတွင် IPA အသံထွက် သင်္ကေတများ ပါဝင်သည်။ မှန်ကန်သော ထောက်ပံ့မှုမရှိပါက ယူနီကုဒ်စာလုံးများအစား ? များ၊ လေးထောင့်ကွက်များနှင့် အခြားသင်္ကေတများ မြင်နေရနိုင်သည်။ IPA သင်္ကေတများ မိတ်ဆက်ကို Help:IPA တွင် ကြည့်ပါ။ပြောင်အတိုင်းအတာ၊ျမန္မာလည်းတင်သွင်းစကားမှ သင်္သက (ဘာသာ)၊ ဟိႏၵဴ (အစားအစာ၊အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး၊ရေကြောင်း)၊ တရုတ် (ဂိမ်းများနှင့်အစားအစာ)။ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတွင်လည်းတင်သွင်းတဲ့လက်တဆုပ်စာ၏စကားသည်အခြားသောဥရောပဘာသာစကားများကဲ့သို့သော ပေါ်တူဂီ။

ဒီစာသာျမန္မာ:

The development of the script followed that of the language, which is generally divided into Old Burmese, Middle Burmese and modern Burmese. Old Burmese dates from the 11th to the 16th century (Pagan and Ava dynasties); Middle Burmese from the 16th to the 18th century (Toungoo to early Konbaung dynasties); modern Burmese from the mid-18th century to the present. Orthographic changes followed shifts in phonology (such as the merging of the [-l-] and [-ɹ-] medials) rather than transformations in Burmese grammatical structure and phonology, which has not changed much from Old Burmese to modern Burmese. For example, during the Pagan era, the medial [-l-] ္လ was transcribed in writing, which has been replaced by medials [-j-] ျ and [-ɹ-] ြ in modern Burmese (e.g. "school" in old Burmese က္လောင် မြန်မာ အသံထွက်: [klɔŋ] → ကျောင်း [tɕáʊɴ] in modern Burmese). Likewise written Burmese has preserved all nasalized finals [-n, -m, -ŋ], which have merged to [-ɴ] in spoken Burmese. (The exception is [-ɲ], which, in spoken Burmese, can be one of many open vowels [i, e, ɛ]. Likewise, other consonantal finals [-s, -p, -t, -k] have been reduced to [-ʔ]. Similar mergers are seen in other Sino-Tibetan languages like Shanghainese, and to a lesser extent, Cantonese.)

Written Burmese dates to the early Pagan period. The British colonial period scholars believed that the Burmese script was developed c. 1058 from the Mon script. However, evidence shows that the Burmese script has been in use at least since 1035 (perhaps as early as 984) while the earliest Burma Mon script, which is different from the Thailand Mon script, dates to 1093. The Burmese script may have been sourced from the Pyu script. (Both Mon and Pyu scripts are derivatives of the Brahmi script.) Burmese orthography originally followed a square format but the cursive format took hold from the 17th century when popular writing led to the wider use of palm leaves and folded paper known as parabaiks ပုရပိုက်. Much of the orthography in written Burmese today can be traced back to Middle Burmese. Standardized tone marking was not achieved until the 18th century. From the 19th century onward, orthographers created spellers to reform Burmese spelling, because ambiguities arose over spelling sounds that had been merged. During British colonial rule, Burmese spelling was standardized through dictionaries and spellers. The latest spelling authority, named the Myanma Salonpaung Thatpon Kyan မြန်မာ စာလုံးပေါင်း သတ်ပုံ ကျမ်း, was compiled in 1978 at the request of the Burmese government.

Grammar

The basic word order of the Burmese language is subject-object-verb. Pronouns in Burmese vary according to the gender and status of the audience. Burmese is monosyllabic (i.e., every word is a root to which a particle but not another word may be prefixed). Sentence structure determines syntactical relations and verbs are not conjugated. Instead they have particles suffixed to them. For example, the verb "to eat," စား ca: မြန်မာ အသံထွက်: [sà] is itself unchanged when modified.

Notes

[[Category:မြန်မာဘာသာစကား]] [[Category:ဘင်္ဂလားဒေ့ရှ်နိုင်ငံ၏ ဘာသာစကားများ]] [[Category:မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၏ ဘာသာစကားများ]]